Table 4.
Odds Ratios for the Association of NAFLDa With Markers of Systolic and Diastolic Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction, The CARDIA Study, 2010-2011
| Unadjusteda | Model 1: Base modelb | Model 2: Base + HF risk factorsc | Model 3: Base + BMI | Model 4: Base + VAT | Model 5: Base + HF risk factors + BMI | Model 6: Base + HF risk factors + VAT | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Quartiles of Absolute GLS, % (range) | ||||||||||||||
| Q1 (16.7 - 23.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Q2 (15.1 - 16.7) | 2.03 | 1.26-3.29 | 1.92 | 1.17-3.15 | 1.48 | 0.88-2.48 | 1.73 | 1.04-2.88 | 1.48 | 0.87-2.52 | 1.47 | 0.86-2.50 | 1.39 | 0.80-2.40 |
| Q3 (13.6 - 15.1) | 2.25 | 1.40-3.61 | 2.04 | 1.25-3.35 | 1.43 | 0.85-2.40 | 1.60 | 0.96-2.66 | 1.28 | 0.75-2.17 | 1.32 | 0.78-2.23 | 1.19 | 0.69-2.05 |
| Q4 (6.6 - 13.6) | 3.59 | 2.29-5.65 | 3.40 | 2.10-5.48 | 1.95 | 1.18-3.24 | 2.28 | 1.39-3.73 | 1.82 | 1.08-3.05 | 1.66 | 1.00-2.77 | 1.52 | 0.89-2.59 |
| Abnormal LV relaxation | 1.77 | 1.34-2.33 | 1.78 | 1.34-2.38 | 1.18 | 0.86-1.62 | 1.42 | 1.05-1.93 | 1.15 | 0.83-1.58 | 1.11 | 0.80-1.53 | 0.98 | 0.70-1.38 |
| Increased LV filling pressures | 1.76 | 1.33-2.32 | 1.98 | 1.47-2.66 | 1.36 | 0.99-1.88 | 1.36 | 1.00-1.86 | 1.20 | 0.87-1.68 | 1.13 | 0.81-1.57 | 1.07 | 0.76-1.51 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricle; HF, heart failure; BMI, body mass index; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; OR, odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval
NAFLD is defined as CT liver attenuation ≤ 40 HU
adjusted for center only
base model: adjusted for model 1 + age, race, sex, study center, education, income level, alcohol intake (drinks/week), smoking status (current/former vs. never), physical activity score
HF risk factors: systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, anti-hyperlipidemic medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes status, GFR Abnormal diastolic relaxation was defined as lateral tissue doppler e’ velocity < 10. Abnormal diastolic filling pressures were defined as 8 < E/e’ ratio < 12 and left atrial volume index ≥ 34 or E/e’ ratio ≥ 12