Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Population (Continent) | Type | n = | Lanz Group 1 (%) | Side of Branching (%) | Lanz Group II (%) | Lanz Group III (%) | Lanz Group IV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agarwal 2014 [2] | Indian (Asia) | C | 52 | Extraligamentous = 36.53 Subligamentous = 21.15 Transligamentous = 42.30 | 3.84 | 11.53 | 1.92 | |
| Raviprasanna2014 [31] | Indian (Asia) | C | 51 | Extraligamentous = 78.39 Subligamentous = 19.6 Preligamentous = 1.96 | ||||
| Samarakoon 2014 [33] | Sri-Lankan (Asia) | C | 26 | Extraligamentous = 84.6 Subligamentous = 3.8 Transligamentous = 11.5 | ||||
| Planitzer2013 [30] | German (Europe) | C | 21 | Radial dorsal side = 35 Radial palmar and dorsal side = 29 Radial palmar side = 18 Ulnar dorsal side = 12 Radial and ulnar palmar side = 6 | ||||
| Mizia 2012 [8] | Polish (Europe) | C | 60 | Extraligamentous = 78.3 Subligamentous = 20 Transligamentous = 1.7 | Radial side = 75 Anterior side = 10 Ulnar side = 3.33 Between ulnar and radial side = 11.67 | |||
| Pereira 2012 [29] | Brazilian (South America) | C | 20 | Extraligamentous = 90 Subligamentous = 10 Transligamentous = 0 | ||||
| Al-Qattan 2010 [6] | Saudi Arabian (Asia) | IO | 100 | Extraligamentous = 56 Subligamentous = 34 Transligamentous = 9 Preligamentous = 1 | ||||
| Ozcanli 2010 [28] | Turkish (Europe) | C | 30 | Extraligamentous = 60 Subligamentous = 34 Transligamentous = 6 | ||||
| Senanayake 2009 [34] | Sri-Lankan (Asia) | C | 60 | Extraligamentous = 88 Subligamentous = 12 Transligamentous = 0 | ||||
| Green 2008 [10] | American (North America) | IO | 1400 | Retrograde (extraligamentous) = 15 Retrograde with fenestrations = 7 Normal (subligamentous) = 72 Intramuscular (transligamentous) = 4 Muscular TCL with normal motor branch = 2 | ||||
| Alizadeh 2006 [16] | Iranian (Asia) | C | 60 | Extraligamentous = 46.7 Subligamentous = 28.3 Transligamentous = 11.7 Transfacial = 13.3 | Ulnar side = 12 | 18.4 | 18.4 | |
| Caetano 2006 [19] | Brazilian (South America) | C | 30 | Extraligamentous = 83.3 Subligamentous = 13.3 Transligamentous = 3.4 | Ulnar side = 5 Anterior side = 20 Radial side = 75 | |||
| Sacks 2006 [32] | American (North America) | C | 48 | Extraligamentous = 92 Subligamentous = 0 Transligamentous = 8 | Radial and volar side = 100 Ulnar side = 0 | |||
| Alp 2005 [17] | Turkish (Europe) | C | 144 | Proximal to TCL = 2 Distal to TCL = 84 Between borders of TCL = 14 | ||||
| Barbe 2005 [18] | American (North America) | C | 89 | 0 | 2.6 | 0 | ||
| Eskandari 2005 [20] | Turkish (Europe) | IO | 37 | Extraligamentous = 48.65 Subligamentous = 21.6 Transligamentous = 29.73 | Anteroradial = 100 Ulnar side = 0 | |||
| Ahn 2000 [7] | Korean (Asia) | IO | 354 | Extraligamentous = 96.1 Subligamentous = 2.8 Transligamentous = 1.1 | Radial border = 62.2 Radial one third = 18.9 Anterior side = 17.2 Ulnar side = 1.1 | 0.3 | ||
| Kozin 1998 [24] | American (North America) | C | 101 | Extraligamentous = 93 Subligamentous = 0 Transligamentous = 7 | Central volar position = 41 Radial to central position = 58 Direct radial position = 1 Ulnar side = 0 | |||
| Steinberg 1998 [36] | Israeli (Asia) | C | 46 | Extraligamentous = 71.74 Transligamentous = 28.26 | ||||
| Hurwitz 1996 [22] | Swiss (Europe) | IO | 80 | Extraligamentous = 55 Subligamentous = 29 Transligamentous = 16 | Anterior side = 12.5 Ulnar side = 1.25 Radial side = 78.75 Second division = 6.25 Dorsal side of first division = 1.25 | |||
| Olave 1996 [27] | Brazilian (South America) | C | 60 | Extraligamentous = 80 Subligamentous = 18.3 Transligamentous = 0 | 1.66 | |||
| Siverhus 1989 [35] | American (North America) | C | 72 | Extraligamentous = 86 Transligamentous = 14 | ||||
| Mackinnon 1988 [25] | Canadian (North America) | C | 50 | Extreme radial side = 60 Extreme radial volar and central aspect = 18 Central volar position = 22 Ulnar side = 0 | 2 | |||
| Tountas 1987 [37] | American (North America) | IO | 286 | Extraligamentous = 95.10 Subligamentous = 2.79 Transligamentous = 1.40 | Radial side = 92.3 Anterior side = 5.95 Ulnar side = 1.75 | 0.70 | 2.10 | 2.10 |
| C | 92 | Extraligamentous = 81.52 Subligamentous = 9.78 Transligamentous = 8.70 | Radial side = 100 Anterior Side = 0 Ulnar side = 0 | 2.17 | 1.09 | 0 | ||
| Mumford 1986 [26] | American (North America) | C | 20 | Extraligamentous = 80 Transligamentous = 20 | Anteroradial side = 20 Anteroulnar side = 80 | |||
| Falconer 1985 [21] | American (North America) | C | 10 | Extraligamentous = 30 Subligamentous = 10 Transligamentous = 60 | 20 | 0 | ||
| Perneczky 1980 [9] | French (Europe) | C | 163 | Extraligamentous = 51 Subligamentous = 23 Transligamentous = 26 | Distal branching = 5 Ulnar side = 2 | |||
| Lanz 1977 [1] | German (Europe) | IO | 246 | 7.32 | 2.85 | 1.63 | ||
| Poisel1974 [3] | German (Europe) | C | 100 | Extraligamentous = 46 Subligamentous = 31 Transligamentous = 23 | ||||
| Johnson 1970 [23] | American (North America) | C | 10 | Extraligamentous = 20 Transligamentous = 80 |
C- cadaveric, IO—intraoperative.