Fig 1. Mean antimicrobial use (as defined daily dosages per animal and cycle (DDDA/C)) and 95% confidence interval in 51 veal calf farms during 4 pre-study production cycles (ps-c1 to ps-c2) and the 2 study cycles (s-c1 and s-c2) for group treatments (3 upper lines) and individual treatments (3 lower lines), the Netherlands 2009–2012.

For assessing baseline comparability, study arms are also shown during the pre-study cycles before assignment to any intervention. RAB, farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol; RAB-CD, farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol and applying a cleaning and disinfection program; Control, farms without interventions.