Table 12:

Identifying IV Infusions: Experimental Conditions and Training

Experimental Condition	Description	Training Content
Baseline	No intervention (i.e., control). The IV tubing above and below the pump was interweaved using a standard setup to replicate severe spaghetti syndrome. No adhesive labels were applied to the IV tubing or pumps, but medication labels were applied to the IV containers	No training required
Preprinted labels/infusion organizers	Preprinted labels and infusion organizers were used. IV tubing was not tangled, since the organizers prevented tangles. Medication labels were applied to the IV containers	Hands-on training was provided to review the preprinted labels, the IV pole-top organizer, and the IV tubing organizers (about 5 minutes). Participants were encouraged to try the interventions
Smart pump/channel labels	Smart pump/channel labels were used. IV tubing was set up with the same interweaving as the baseline condition (i.e., severe spaghetti syndrome). No adhesive labels were applied to the IV components, but medication labels were applied to the IV containers	Hands-on training on the smart pump/channel labels was provided as part of training on the basic functionality of the entire smart pump (about 10 minutes), which included reviewing all information on the display and channels. At the end of the training, participants were asked questions about an infusion already running (e.g., drug name, VTBI, dose rate) to verify training comprehension
Light-linking system	The light-linking system was used. IV tubing was set up with the same interweaving as in the baseline condition (i.e., severe spaghetti syndrome). No adhesive labels were applied to the IV components, but medication labels were applied to the IV containers	Hands-on training on the light-linking system was provided (about 5 minutes). As part of the training, participants were asked to use the intervention to identify an infusion pathway

Abbreviations: IV, intravenous; VTBI, volume to be infused.