Table 2. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsa of presenting higher versus lower pubertal development levels per 1-unit increase in logarithmic urine specific gravity-adjusted phthalate concentrations.
| Boys | Testicle volume (n = 176) |
Pubic hair (n = 176) |
First nocturnal emission (n = 170) |
| MBP | 0.58 (0.34, 0.99)* | 0.91 (0.45, 1.83) | 1.31 (0.43, 3.98) |
| MMP | 1.46 (0.94, 2.26) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.27) | 1.38 (0.52, 3.66) |
| MEP | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | 0.87 (0.53, 1.41) |
| MEHP | 1.23 (0.94, 1.62) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.25) | 0.77 (0.42, 1.43) |
| MEHHP | 0.68 (0.41, 1.11) | 0.52 (0.28, 0.97)* | 1.05 (0.36, 3.05) |
| MEOHP | 0.72 (0.44, 1.15) | 0.49 (0.26, 0.91)* | 0.93 (0.32, 2.70) |
| ΣMEHP | 0.82 (0.51, 1.33) | 0.57 (0.30, 1.07) | 1.14 (0.40, 3.29) |
| Girls | Breast (n = 182) |
Pubic hair (n = 182) |
Menarche (n = 178) |
| MBP | 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) | 1.10 (0.87, 1.40) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.23) |
| MMP | 0.83 (0.59, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.62, 1.50) | 1.10 (0.61, 1.97) |
| MEP | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) |
| MEHP | 1.29 (1.01, 1.64)* | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.41) |
| MEHHP | 1.45 (1.06, 1.98)* | 1.00 (0.68, 1.46) | 0.72 (0.44, 1.19) |
| MEOHP | 1.46 (1.09, 1.95)* | 1.09 (0.77, 1.56) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.20) |
| ΣMEHP | 1.50 (1.10, 2.04)* | 1.05 (0.72, 1.54) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.23) |
MBP, monobutyl phthalate; MEHHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEHP, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MEP, mono-ethyl phthalate; MMP, mono-methyl phthalate; ΣMEHP, sum of MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP concentrations.
aAdjusted for chronological age, body fat composition and parental education.
*P < 0.05.