Table 2.

Renal mass biopsy series and nondiagnostic rate.

Study	Biopsies	Nondiagnostic biopsy rate	Nondiagnostic definition
Maturen et al.[2007]	152	6 (3.9%)	Insufficient tissue
Volpe et al.[2008]	100	16 (16%)	Insufficient tissue
			1 RCC of 2 repeat biopsies
Prince et al.[2014]	565	83 (14.7%)	Necrosis/fibrosis
			Insufficient tissue
Leveridge et al.[2011]	345	67 (19.4%)	Nonrenal tissue
			Insufficient tissue
			12 repeat biopsies revealed 8 RCCs
Lebret et al.[2007]	119	25 (21%)	Necrosis
			Inflammation
			13 repeat biopsies revealed 11 RCCs
Shannon et al.[2008]	235	51 (21.7%)	Inflammation/necrosis
			Connective tissue
Vasudevan et al.[2006]	100	30 (30%)	Fat tissue
Wang et al.[2009]	110	10 (9%)	Insufficient tissue
			2 nondiagnostic biopsies were renal cell cancer after nephrectomy