Table 2.

Indications for Pre-Hospital Advanced Airway Management in children

Indication for PHAAMa	All children < 16 years old (N = 42)	<2 years old (n = 24)	2 – 15 years old (n = 18)
Existing airway obstruction	1	1	0
Impending airway obstruction	8	5	3
Hypoxia	13	8	5
Ineffective spontaneous ventilation	9	7	2
Cardiac arrest	15	9	6
Anaesthesia to relief of pain or distress	1	1	0
Anaesthesia to combative or agitated patient	2	2	0
Decreased level of consciousness	24	13	11

^aMore than one indication may apply to each patient