Table 1.
Anatomical characters of the variant phloem of Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae)
| Secondary phloem characters and character states | Cell inclusions in the phloem | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxon | Lateral steps on the phloem wedges1 | Limiting ray lignification2 | Storied structure3 | Sieve tube arrangement4 | Sieve plate type5 | Sieve areas per sieve plate (average) | Number of companion cells6 | Percentage of parenchyma per transverse area | Phloem parenchyma type7 | Ray lignification8 | Phloem type according to fibre frequency9 | Percentage of fibres | Crystals in phloem and ray parenchyma10 | Type of crystals in phloem and ray parenchyma11 | Crystalliferous parenchyma sheath | Type of crystal in the crystalliferous parenchyma sheath11 |
| Adenocalymna bracteatum | A | X | – | R | C | 7 | 1 | ? | D | +F | SCF | 10·8 | L | A | – | – |
| Adenocalymma comosum | A | X | – | T | C | 14 | 1 | 29·7 | D | +R | SCF | 11·7 | L | A/S | – | – |
| Adenocalymma divaricatum | A | X | – | T | C | 8 | 1 | 10·6 | STC | +R | F | 46·6 | L | P | – | – |
| Adenocalymma flaviflorum | A | X | – | R | C | 8 | 2D | 32·2 | D | +F | F | 23·3 | L | P | – | – |
| Adenocalymma neoflavidum | A | X | – | T | C | 6 | 2D | 20·9 | STC | +R | SF | 23·8 | L | A/P | – | – |
| Adenocalymma nodosum | A | na | – | R | C | 7 | 2D | 42·1 | D | +F | SCF | 15·9 | L | P | – | – |
| Adenocalymma peregrinum | A | X | – | R | C | 6 | 2D | 32·3 | D | +F | SF | 19·4 | – | – | – | – |
| Adenocalymna salmoneum | A | XP | – | T | C | 7 | 1 | 21·2 | STC | +R | SF | 32·5 | L/N | P | – | – |
| Adenocalymma tanaecicarpum | A | X | – | C | 6 | 1 | ? | D | +F | SF | 30·1 | L | P | – | – | |
| Amphilophium bracteatum | A | X | A | D | S | ? | 1 | ? | D | – | SCF | 2·1 | N | A | + | ? |
| Amphilophium crucigerum | A | X | A | D | S | 0 | 1 | 66·3 | D | – | SCF | 3·6 | N | A | + | P |
| Amphilophium elongatum | A | X | A | D | S | 1 | 1 | 17·2 | D | – | SCF | 1·9 | N | A | + | S |
| Amphilophium magnoliifolium | A | X | – | D | S | 2 | 1 | ? | D | – | SCF | 1·7 | N | A | + | ? |
| Amphilophium paniculatum | A | X | A | D | S | 0 | 1 | 25·2 | D | – | SCF | 2·0 | N | A | + | P |
| Anemopaegma chamberlaynii | A | X | A | R | S | 5 | 1 | 29·9 | D | +F | SF | 31·8 | – | – | – | – |
| Anemopaegma laeve | A | X | – | R | C | 4 | 1 | 25·4 | D | +F | SCF | 20·8 | B | A/P | + | A |
| Anemopaegma robustum | A | X | – | R | C | 5 | 1 | 28·3 | D | +F | SCF | 28·2 | B | A/P | + | A |
| Bignonia binata | A | X | – | R | C | 10 | 1 | 26·5 | D | +F | SCF | 19·9 | – | – | + | P |
| Bignonia campanulata | A | X | – | R | C | 8 | 1 | 22·5 | D | +F | SCF | 20·0 | B | A/S | + | S |
| Bignonia capreolata | A | X | – | R | C | 5 | 1 | ? | D | +F | SCF | 12·0 | B | S | – | – |
| Bignonia corymbosa | A | X | – | R | C | ? | 1 | ? | D | ? | SCF | 15·0 | ? | ? | + | ? |
| Bignonia magnifica | A | X | – | R | C | 7 | 1 | 43 | D | – | SCF | 10·0 | B | A | + | A |
| Bignonia prieurei | A | X | – | R | C | ? | 1 | ? | D | ? | SCF | 6·0 | B | A | + | ? |
| Cuspidaria convoluta | S | XP | – | T | C | 26 | 2S | 18·0 | STC | +R | SF | 32·1 | N | A | – | – |
| Cuspidaria pulchra | S | XP | – | T | C | 17 | 2S | 16·7 | STC | +R | SF | 55·2 | N | A | – | – |
| Dolichandra quadrivalvis | A | – | AR | R | C | 4 | 1 | 31 | D | – | SCF | 10·0 | N | A | + | A |
| Dolichandra unguiculata | A | – | AR | R | C | 4 | 1 | 29·3 | D | – | SCF | 6·4 | N | A | + | A |
| Dolichandra unguis-cati | A | – | AR | R | C | 6 | 1 | 40·1 | D | – | SCF | 11·4 | N | A | + | A |
| Fridericia chica | A | XP | – | T | C | 18 | 2S | 25·9 | STC | +R | SF | 36·2 | B | A | – | – |
| Friderica conjugata | A | XP | – | T | C | 15 | 2S | 35·3 | STC | +R | SF | 17·3 | N | A | – | – |
| Fridericia platyphylla | A | XP | – | T | C | 14 | 2S | 16·8 | STC | +R | F | 38·7 | N | A | – | – |
| Fridericia samydoides | A | XP | – | T | C | 26 | 2S | 23·4 | STC | +R | F | 36·3 | B | A | – | – |
| Fridericia speciosa | A | XP | – | T | C | 18 | 2S | 19·0 | STC | +R | SF | 32·8 | B | A | – | – |
| Lundia corymbifera | A | X | – | T | C | 16 | 1 | 31·4 | STC | – | SF | 36·0 | ? | A | – | – |
| Lundia damazioi | A | X | – | T | C | 18 | 1 | 18·9 | STC | +R | F | 32·6 | N | A | – | – |
| Lundia longa | A | X | – | T | C | 15 | 1 | 11·6 | STC | +R | F | 58·7 | – | – | – | – |
| Manaosella cordifolia | S | X | – | D | C | 12 | 1 | 30·6 | D | +F | SCF | 14·7 | B | A | – | – |
| Mansoa difficilis | A | X | – | R | C | 5 | 1 | 37·4 | D | +F | SCF | 8·1 | B | A | + | P |
| Mansoa onohualcoides | A | X | – | R | C | 5 | 1 | ? | D | +F | SCF | 7·0 | B | A | + | P |
| Mansoa standleyi | A | X | – | R | C | 9 | 1 | 36·1 | D | +F | SCF | 18·2 | B | A | + | P/S |
| Martinella obovata | ? | XP | – | R | C | ? | 1 | 30·5 | D | +F | SF | 30·0 | ? | ? | – | – |
| Neojobertia mirabilis | A | X | – | T | C | 8 | 1 | 21·5 | STC | +F | F | 40·1 | L | A/P | – | – |
| Neojobertia sp. nov. | A | X | – | T | C | 10 | 1 | 18·8 | STC | +F | F | 39·4 | N | A/S/P | – | – |
| Pachyptera kerere | A | X | – | R | C | 7 | 1 | 37·4 | D | +F | SCF | 13·0 | N | A | + | A |
| Perianthomega vellozoi | A | X | – | R | S | 0 | 1/2D | 37·4 | D | – | SCF | 8·4 | N | A | + | A |
| Pleonotoma albiflora | A | XP | – | T | C | 40 | 2S | ? | STC | + | F | 44·2 | N | P | – | – |
| Pleonotoma stichadenia | A | x | – | T | C | 34 | 2S | 22·2 | STC | – | SF | 45·8 | ? | ? | – | ? |
| Pleonotoma tetraquetra | A | X | – | T | C | 37 | 2S | 32·5 | STC | – | SF | 34·8 | N | P | – | – |
| Pyrostegia venusta | A | X | – | R | C | 6 | 1 | 37·6 | D | +F | SCF | 15·3 | B | A | + | P |
| Stizophyllum riparium | A | XP | – | T | C | 8 | 2S | 11·9 | STC | +R | F | 36·9 | B | A | – | – |
| Tanaecium bilabiatum | na | XP | – | T | C | 17 | 2S | 21·0 | STC | +R | F | 44·7 | – | ? | – | – |
| Tanaecium pyramidatum | na | XP | – | T | C | 19 | 2S | 28·4 | STC | +R | SF | 35·6 | – | ? | – | – |
| Tynanthus cognatus | S | XP | – | T | C | 19 | 2S | 22·6 | STC | +R | F | 26·6 | N | A | – | – |
| Tynanthus elegans | S | XP | – | T | C | 21 | 2S | 20·6 | STC | +R | F | 35·1 | N | A | – | – |
| Xylophragma myrianthum | A | XP | – | T | C | 25 | 2S | 16·4 | STC | +R | F | 41·0 | N | A | – | – |
For continuous variables, ‘Number’ represents the mean of an overall sample of 30.
+, present; –, absent; ?, not sampled; na, not applicable.
1A; asymmetrical; S, symmetrical. 2X, to the xylem face; XP, to both faces. 3A, present in axial parenchyma; AR, present in axial and ray parenchyma. 4R, radial; T, tangential; D, diffuse. 5S, mostly simple; C, compound. 61, one per sieve tube; 2D, two per sieve tube at different sides; 2S, two or more per sieve element at the same side. 7STC, sieve-tubecentric; D, diffuse. 8+R, present in random portions; +F, present when touching the fibre bands. 9SCF, scarcely fibrous; SF, semi-fibrous; F, fibrous. Fibres: N, narrow; W, wide. 10L, present in lignified cells; N, present in non-lignified cells; B, present in both lignified and non-lignified cells. 11A, acicular; P, prismatic; S, styloid or elongate.