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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cryobiology. 2015 Feb 24;70(2):195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.02.003

Table 1.

Warming Rate (WR) of a sample droplet as a function of the applied laser pulse duration, Δt, where WR ~ ΔTt and ΔT = 180 °C. Also shown is the necessary instantaneous laser power: PL = ELt using EL = 4J (Eq. 7).

WR (°C/min) 1.1 × 105 3.6 × 105 1.1 × 106 3.6 × 106 1.1 × 107 3.6 × 107
Δt (msec) 100 30 10 3 1 0.3
PL (watts) 40 133 400 1,330 4,000 13,300