Fig. 2.

Inadequate 3D visualization of an RF lesion in a patient without an AF recurrence. (A) The LA wall slice observed using DE-MRI 2 days after the AF ablation; any delayed enhancement (DE) caused by RF application was not visible. Of note, red arrows indicate artifacts, which may have been caused by the laser application to the right hemi-diaphragm for respiratory navigation. (B) 3D visualization of the RF lesions. The red arrows indicate artifacts, not DE. (C) AF ablation using the CARTO3 system. The red and pink 3D tags indicate the ablation points. The patient has been free from any AF recurrence for 6 months after a single AF ablation, without using any anti-arrhythmic drug.