Table 3. Predictors of PWV and TG/HDL ratio at 5-year follow-up based on GDM status in the index pregnancy using the WHO diagnostic criteria.

	PWV				TG/HDL-C ratio
	Univariate		Multivariable		Univariate		Multivariable
Variables	r	p	β	p	r	p	β	p
Age (years)	0.23	<0.001	0.21	<0.001	0.01	0.906
Follow-up time (years)	0.01	0.963			0.01	0.916
BMI (kg/m2)	0.08	0.191			0.42	<0.001	0.32	<0.001
Parity 1	0.01	0.943			-0.06	0.337
Smoking 2	0.10	0.108			0.15	0.013	0.10	0.063
Family history of diabetes	0.01	0.884			0.11	0.071
Family history of heart disease	0.03	0.570			0.033	0.577
GDM (WHO criteria)	0.14	0.018	0.13	0.025	0.28	<0.001	0.24	<0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	0.27	<0.001	0.28	<0.001	0.26	<0.001	0.24	0.002
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	0.21	<0.001			0.12	0.044	-0.14	0.063
Visceral fat volume (g/cm3)	0.15	0.012			0.42	<0.001
R square				0.14				0.26

¹ Defined as primiparous (for the purposes of the 5-year follow-up)

² Refers to both current and previous smokers