Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics between post-stroke seizure patients with and without recurrence.
| Total (n = 104) | Recurrent PSS (n = 31) | No Recurrence (n = 73) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 74 (63.3–81) | 71 (62–77) | 75 (64.5–82) | 0.17 |
| Male, n (%) | 71 (68.3) | 22 (71.0) | 49 (67.1) | 0.70 |
| Follow up, median (IQR), day | 361.5 (172.3–551.8) | 150 (93–316) | 431 (302.5–659.5) | < .0001 |
| Time from stroke onset to the admission § , median (IQR), day | 1029 (352–2625.5) | 749 (162–1348) | 1056.5 (401–2792.3) | 0.19 |
| TIA | 3 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.1) | 0.25 |
| Cerebral infarction | 66 (63.5) | 19 (61.3) | 47 (64.4) | 0.76 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 37 (35.6) | 13 (41.9) | 24 (32.9) | 0.38 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 6 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.2) | 0.10 |
| Localization of lesion, n (%) | ||||
| Cortical | 69 (71.9) | 24 (88.9) | 45 (65.2) | 0.020 |
| Frontal | 40 (38.5) | 19 (61.3) | 21 (28.8) | 0.002 |
| Temporal | 40 (38.5) | 12 (38.7) | 28 (38.4) | 0.97 |
| Parietal | 34 (32.7) | 12 (38.7) | 22 (30.1) | 0.39 |
| Occipital | 17 (16.3) | 5 (16.1) | 12 (16.4) | 0.97 |
| Traumatic brain injury, n (%) | 10 (9.6) | 4 (23.5) | 6 (13.0) | 0.31 |
| Neurosurgical intervention, n (%) | 19 (18.3) | 7 (22.6) | 12 (16.4) | 0.46 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 24 (23.1) | 6 (19.4) | 18 (24.7) | 0.61 |
| Previous seizure † , n (%) | 52 (50.0) | 20 (64.5) | 32 (43.8) | 0.05 |
| Familial seizure history, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.51 |
| Functional disability (mRS) at discharge, median (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.21 |
| Stroke risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 80 (76.9) | 26 (83.9) | 54 (74.0) | 0.27 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (26.0) | 4 (12.9) | 23 (31.9) | 0.044 |
| Dyslipidemia | 42 (40.4) | 15 (48.4) | 27 (37.0) | 0.28 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 28 (26.9) | 13 (41.9) | 15 (21.4) | 0.034 |
| Drinking alcohol, n (%) | 28 (26.9) | 8 (27.6) | 20 (30.3) | 0.79 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 26 (25.0) | 8 (27.6) | 18 (27.7) | 0.99 |
Data are expressed as median (IQR: interquartile range) or number of patients (%). Abbreviations: PSS, post-stroke seizures; TIA, transient ischemic attack; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.
* The Mann—Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables and Pearson’s χ2 test to compare categorical variables.
§ The time calculated from the last stroke onset to the index (study entry) seizure, except for 35 patients for whom we could not obtain the exact date of last stroke onset.
† Previous seizure: history of at least one episode of late seizure when enrolled in this study.