Figure 1.

Alcohol consumption is associated with increased hepatic triglyceride content and decreased retinoid content. A) Representative images of Oil Red O staining in the liver of control and alcohol-fed mice. Magnification ×20. B) Biochemical quantification of hepatic triglyceride (TG) content confirmed that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with hepatic steatosis (n = 6). Analysis of pooled data from multiple studies revealed significant declines in the hepatic concentrations of (C) retinol and (D) retinyl ester in alcohol-fed mice (control, n = 41; alcohol adaptation, n = 32; 1 wk 6.4% alcohol, n = 6; 2 wk 6.4% alcohol, n = 10; and 4 wk 6.4% alcohol, n = 4). B) *P < 0.05 vs. control; Student’s t test. C, D) P < 0.05; columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different; 1-way ANOVA.