Duration (s) of object investigation for (a, b, c) dogs and (d, e, f) wolves in the (a, d) alone, (b, e) pair and (c, f) pack conditions. Box plots show the median and the interquartile range from the 25th to the 75th percentile. Whiskers indicate the 1.5 interquartile range of the data. Circles represent outliers. (For statistical results of the separate test conditions see Tables A10, A15, A20.)