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. 2015 Sep;107:159–173. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.06.008

Table A10.

Factors influencing the investigation time in the alone condition tests

Model terms Estimate SE t df F P Variance SD
Species 1,31 22.700 <0.001
 Dogs vs Wolves −2.359 0.495 4.769
Species*Rank 1,14 7.090 0.020
 Dogs' rank −0.456 0.128 3.571 1,13 12.800 0.003
 Wolves' rank 0.213 0.194 1.095 1, 7 1.20 0.30
Rank −0.109 0.141 −0.776 1,14 0.60 0.50
Species*Age 1,18 1.98 0.18
Age −0.005 0.033 −0.149 1,19 0.02 0.88
Subject (random) 0.391 0.626
Object (random) 0.275 0.525
Test order (random) 0.384 0.619
Residuals (random) 0.240 0.489

LME statistic: model transformation to fit normal distribution of residuals: log(x); Shapiro–Wilk test: W = 0.99, P = 0.91. Significant P and t values in bold.