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. 2015 Sep;107:159–173. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.06.008

Table A15.

Factors influencing the investigation time in the pair condition tests

Model terms Estimate SE t df F P Variance SD
Species 1,32 15.480 <0.001
 Dogs vs Wolves −3.249 0.839 3.871
Species*Rank distance 1,126 6.120 0.010
 Dogs' rank distance 0.337 0.349 0.964 1,68 0.92 0.30
 Wolves' rank distance −1.255 0.496 2.529 1,59 6.400 0.010
Rank distance −0.635 0.314 2.022 1,130 3.950 0.050
Species*Age 1,19 0.54 0.47
Age −0.068 0.061 −1.16 1,19 1.25 0.28
Species*Siblings 1,123 1.20 0.28
Siblings 1,115 6.480 0.010
 No vs Yes −2.069 0.813 2.546
Subject (random) 2.089 1.445
Partner (random) 0.022 0.148
Object (random) 6.226 2.495
Test order (random) 1.303 1.142
Residuals (random) 7.295 2.701

LME statistic: model transformation to fit normal distribution of residuals: sqrt(x); Shapiro–Wilk test: W = 0.99, P = 0.41. Significant P and t values in bold.