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. 2015 Sep;107:159–173. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.06.008

Table A19.

Factors influencing the contact latency in the pack condition tests

Model terms Estimate SE t df F P Variance SD
Species 1,24 4.220 0.050
 Dogs vs Wolves 0.387 0.128 3.029
Species*Rank 1,34 0.74 0.40
Rank −0.048 0.051 −0.925 1,35 0.99 0.33
Species*Age 1,36 4.08 0.05
Age 0.012 0.009 1.253 1,37 1.32 0.26
Subject (random) 0.00 0.00
Pack:Subject (random) 0.00 0.00
Object (random) 1.30e−48 1.14e−24
Test order (random) 0.032 0.18
Residuals (random) 0.136 0.368

LME statistic: model transformation to fit normal distribution of residuals: 1/sqrt(x); Shapiro–Wilk test: W = 0.98, P = 0.64. Significant P and t values in bold.