Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations of demographic and clinical factors associated with mean retinal venous diameter
| Univariable β (95% CI) | P | Multivariable β (95% CI) | P | Multivariable including FGF23 β (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, per 10 year increase | −4.49 (−5.56, −3.43) | <0.001 | −3.63 (−4.81, −2.45) | <0.001 | −3.63 (−4.81, −2.54) | <0.001 |
| Sex, female versus male | 0.10 (−2.29, 2.49) | 0.94 | — | — | ||
| Race-ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 15.74 (13.38, 18.11) | <0.001 | 14.63 (12.21, 17.06) | <0.001 | 14.63 (12.21, 17.06) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 16.87 (11.47, 22.28) | <0.001 | 12.61 (7.11, 18.11) | <0.001 | 12.59 (7.09, 18.10) | <0.001 |
| Other | 13.28 (7.90, 18.65) | <0.001 | 10.92 (5.46, 16.37) | <0.001 | 10.90 (5.44, 16.36) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, present versus absent | 4.86 (2.42, 7.30) | <0.001 | 3.65 (1.15, 6.14) | 0.004 | 3.66 (1.16, 6.15) | 0.004 |
| SBP, per 10 mmHg | 0.20 (−0.38, 0.78) | 0.50 | — | — | ||
| eGFR, per 10 mL/min/1.73m2 increase | 0.81 (0.04, 1.57) | 0.04 | 1.11 (0.25, 1.97) | 0.012 | 1.08 (0.18, 1.98) | 0.019 |
| Ln ACR, per 1 SD increase | 2.78 (1.56, 4.00) | <0.001 | 0.68 (−0.65, 2.01) | 0.316 | 0.71 (−0.64, 2.07) | 0.303 |
| Calcium, per 1 SD increase | −0.92 (−2.13, 0.28) | 0.13 | — | — | ||
| Phosphate, per 1 SD increase | 2.82 (1.61, 4.04) | <0.001 | 1.70 (0.46, 2.93) | 0.007 | 1.72 (0.47, 2.97) | 0.007 |
| Ln FGF23, per 1 SD increase | 0.52 (−0.66, 1.70) | 0.39 | — | −0.16 (−1.45, 1.13) | 0.809 | |
| Ln PTH, per 1 SD increase | 0.23 (−0.99, 1.45) | 0.71 | — | — | ||
Results (β coefficients) refer to the mean µm increase in venous diameter. Factors that were significant in univariable analyses were included in the multivariable model.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23, PTH, parathyroid hormone; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; Ln, natural log; vs, versus. Phosphate and Ln FGF23 are bolded as they are the primary exposures in the current study.