TABLE 3.
CHARACTERISTICS BY ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX GROUP*
| Continuous Variables | ABI ≤ 0.90 | 0.90 < ABI < 1.00 | 1.00 < ABI < 1.40 | ABI ≥ 1.4 | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (486; 5.6%) | (1,723; 19.9%) | (7,224; 83.6%) | (215; 2.5%) | ||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 60.6 | 0.6 | 58.0 | 0.3 | 55.6 | 0.2 | 61.1 | 0.9 | 0.06 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 29.7 | 0.4 | 29.9 | 0.2 | 29.8 | 0.1 | 31.4 | 0.6 | < 0.01 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 100.1 | 0.8 | 98.7 | 0.4 | 100.0 | 0.2 | 105.4 | 1.3 | < 0.01 |
| Hip Circumference (cm) | 106.2 | 0.7 | 106.8 | 0.5 | 106.3 | 0.2 | 108.7 | 1.4 | 0.32 |
| Waist/Hip Ratio | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | < 0.01 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 138.7 | 1.5 | 131.5 | 0.6 | 127.5 | 0.3 | 135.7 | 1.8 | < 0.01 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 76.3 | 0.9 | 76.0 | 0.4 | 75.3 | 0.2 | 74.7 | 0.8 | 0.14 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 133.1 | 2.5 | 133.0 | 1.4 | 128.5 | 0.8 | 117.3 | 3.8 | < 0.01 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.5 | 0.8 | 51.4 | 0.5 | 49.2 | 0.2 | 49.0 | 1.1 | < 0.01 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 213.4 | 2.7 | 213.8 | 1.6 | 207.5 | 0.9 | 198.2 | 4.1 | < 0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 159.6 | 5.2 | 149.6 | 3.7 | 152.4 | 2.4 | 155.6 | 8.8 | 0.50 |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 116.5 | 3.1 | 108.2 | 1.2 | 109.6 | 0.7 | 132.7 | 7.8 | < 0.01 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79.3 | 1.9 | 83.8 | 0.7 | 84.9 | 0.4 | 77.3 | 2.7 | < 0.01 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 6.5 | 0.6 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 5.3 | 0.8 | < 0.01 |
| Pack-years Cigarette Smoking** | 30.9 | 2.3 | 25.6 | 1.3 | 18.9 | 0.6 | 24.1 | 3.2 | < 0.01 |
| Years Residing in United States | 25.68 | 1.16 | 24.55 | 1.07 | 26.24 | 0.47 | 27.53 | 1.73 | 0.25 |
| Categorical Variables | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 64.9 | 2.8 | 73.2 | 1.7 | 49.7 | 0.8 | 30.2 | 4.7 | < 0.01 |
| Hispanic Background | |||||||||
| - Dominican American | 7.7 | 1.4 | 10.3 | 1.2 | 9.2 | 0.8 | 5.8 | 1.7 | < 0.01 |
| - Central American | 6.1 | 1.2 | 6.7 | 0.8 | 6.6 | 0.4 | 5.1 | 1.5 | < 0.01 |
| - Cuban American | 43.3 | 3.9 | 35.7 | 3.1 | 23.5 | 1.8 | 30.7 | 5.1 | < 0.01 |
| - Mexican American | 16.8 | 2.8 | 22.6 | 1.9 | 33.4 | 1.8 | 29.8 | 4.9 | < 0.01 |
| - Puerto Rican American | 19.4 | 2.6 | 17.5 | 1.9 | 18.8 | 1.1 | 21.5 | 3.3 | < 0.01 |
| - South American | 4.5 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 5.7 | 0.4 | 6.6 | 1.9 | < 0.01 |
| - Mixed/Other/Missing | 2.3 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| Smoking Status | |||||||||
| - Former Smoker | 24.7 | 2.6 | 23.5 | 1.4 | 26.4 | 0.9 | 29.0 | 4.7 | < 0.01 |
| - Current Smoker | 36.2 | 3.1 | 24.3 | 1.6 | 18.8 | 0.7 | 7.9 | 1.9 | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 65.6 | 2.9 | 48.9 | 2.0 | 40.1 | 1.0 | 58.2 | 4.8 | < 0.01 |
| Impaired Fasting Glucose | 28.5 | 2.6 | 36.6 | 1.9 | 34.2 | 0.8 | 33.0 | 5.3 | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 42.8 | 3.0 | 25.7 | 1.5 | 25.4 | 0.8 | 45.5 | 5.1 | < 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 47.0 | 3.0 | 42.4 | 1.8 | 44.7 | 1.0 | 39.6 | 4.6 | 0.42 |
| HS Education or Higher | 52.8 | 2.9 | 59.4 | 2.1 | 61.0 | 1.0 | 59.2 | 5.0 | 0.04 |
| Unemployed (non-retired) | 45.9 | 3.7 | 40.0 | 2.0 | 35.8 | 1.1 | 33.2 | 4.1 | < 0.01 |
| First Generation Immigrant | 91.1 | 1.6 | 91.9 | 1.0 | 88.3 | 0.7 | 89.2 | 2.6 | 0.02 |
| Born Outside the United States | 7.3 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 0.9 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 0.07 |
| Spanish Language Preferred | 90.0 | 1.6 | 86.8 | 1.9 | 84.7 | 0.9 | 83.2 | 3.2 | 0.03 |
| PAD Procedure | 16.9 | 5.6 | 15.9 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 11.8 | 5.4 | 0.02 |
| Intermittent Claudication | 41.6 | 3.3 | 29.3 | 2.0 | 25.1 | 1.1 | 27.1 | 3.1 | < 0.01 |
*
Weighted to the Sampling Probability
**
Of Current/Former Smokers only