Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by gender
| Variable | N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 217 (46.8) | ||
| Female | 247 (53.2) | ||
| Urban/rural setting | Male | Female | |
| Urban | 243 (52.5) | 121 (56.0) | 122 (49.4) |
| Rural | 220 (47.5) | 95 (44.0) | 125 (50.6) |
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–25 | 132 (28.5) | 61 (28.2) | 71 (28.7) |
| 26–35 | 185 (39.8) | 81 (37.5) | 104 (42.1) |
| 36–50 | 113 (24.4) | 61 (28.2) | 52 (21.1) |
| >50 | 33 (7.1) | 13 (6.0) | 20 (8.1)* |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 120 (26.3) | 81 (37.7) | 39 (16.2) |
| Married | 336 (73.7) | 134 (62.3) | 202 (83.8)* |
| Religion | |||
| Christian | 374 (81.0) | 189 (87.9) | 185 (74.9) |
| Muslim | 21 (4.5) | 7 (3.3) | 14 (5.7) |
| Traditional beliefs | 67 (14.4) | 19 (8.8) | 48 (19.4)* |
| Education | |||
| Secondary school or higher | 123 (26.6) | 63 (29.2) | 143 (57.9) |
| Primary school | 134 (28.9) | 66 (30.6) | 68 (27.5) |
| Did not attend school | 206 (44.5) | 87 40.3) | 36 (14.6)* |
| Employment | |||
| Paid work | 333 (76.9) | 153 (73.6) | 180 (80.0) |
| Student | 57 (13.2) | 38 (18.3) | 19 (8.4) |
| Unemployed | 43 (9.9) | 17 (8.2) | 26 (11.6)* |
| Regular monthly income | |||
| No | 177 (38.6) | 69 (32.4) | 138 (43.9) |
| Yes | 282 (61.4) | 144 (67.6) | 108 (43.9)* |
| Returnee | |||
| No | 327 (70.9) | 145 (67.4) | 182 (74.0) |
| Yes | 134 (29.1) | 70 (32.6) | 64 (26.0) |
| Exposure to recent traumatic event | |||
| Property looted, confiscated or destroyed | 205 (44.3) | 103 (47.7) | 102 (41.3) |
| Exposed to combat situation | 96 (20.8) | 43 (20.0) | 53 (21.5) |
| Serious physical injuries | 80 (17.3) | 33 (15.3) | 47 (19.0) |
| Serious physical injuries of family members | 192 (41.5) | 90 (41.7) | 102 (41.3) |
| Disappearance or kidnapping of a family member | 101 (21.8) | 48 (22.2) | 53 (21.5) |
| Mean (95% CI) | |||
| Traumatic events | 1.45 (1.31 to 1.60) | 1.47 (1.26 to 1.67) | 1.45 (1.25 to 1.64) |
| HESPER total score | 12.18 (11.57 to 12.80) | 11.71 (10.77 to 12.64) | 12.60 (11.78 to 13.43) |
| Psychological distress (GHQ-12) | 51.18 (49.80 to 52.55) | 49.62 (47.61 to 51.62) | 52.54 (50.65 to 54.41)† |
| Functional impairment SF-12 (MCS) | 49.14 (48.31 to 49.97) | 49.71 (48.42 to 50.99) | 48.63 (47.55 to 49.72) |
| Functional impairment SF-12 (PCS) | 47.08 (46.25 to 47.90) | 47.38 (46.21 to 48.55) | 46.81 (45.62 to 47.98) |
*χ2 significant difference; p<0.05.
†Significant difference; p<0.05.
GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HESPER, Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale; MCS, Mental Functioning; PCS, Physical Functioning; SF-12, Study Short-Form Health Survey.