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. 2015 Aug 19;5(8):e007534. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007534

Table 2.

Perceived needs of participants by gender

HESPER item Serious problem
N (%)
Total Male Female
Do you have a serious problem with….
Drinking water 377 (81.1) 168 (78.1) 209 (85.0)
Alcohol or drug use in the community 372 (80.0) 164 (77.0) 208 (84.6)*
Toilets 356 (76.6) 164 (76.3) 192 (78.4)
Food 349 (75.1) 152 (70.7) 197 (80.1)*
Education for the children 297 (63.9) 139 (65.0) 158 (64.2)
The way aid is provided 260 (55.9) 107 (51.4) 153 (63.5)*
Care for people in the community who are on their own 251 (54.0) 108 (52.9) 143 (61.9)
Healthcare 242 (52.0) 109 (51.2) 133 (54.1)
Support from others 231 (49.7) 93 (45.1) 138 (56.8)*
Safety or protection from violence for women in the community 225 (48.4) 100 (46.9) 125 (51.2)
Place to live in 225 (48.4) 95 (44.4) 130 (53.1)
Clothes, shoes, bedding or blankets 217 (46.7) 93 (43.5) 124 (50.4)
Income or livelihood 215 (46.2) 104 (48.4) 111 (45.1)
Mental illness in the community 214 (46.0) 91 (43.8) 123 (51.7)
Information 203 (43.7) 98 (46.0) 105 (43.0)
Safety 190 (40.9) 93 (43.3) 97 (39.4)
Distress 163 (35.1) 65 (30.7) 98 (40.3)*
Law and justice in the community 160 (34.4) 75 (35.5) 85 (34.7)
Keeping clean 156 (33.5) 77 (36.0) 79 (32.1)
Too much free time 148 (31.8) 54 (25.2) 94 (38.2)*
Care for family members 135 (29.0) 70 (33.3) 65 (26.5)
Physical health 131 (28.2) 60 (28.0) 71 (29.0)
Separation from family members 123 (26.5) 55 (25.7) 68 (27.8)
Being displaced from home 123 (26.5) 61 (28.5) 62 (25.2)
Moving between places 104 (22.4) 52 (24.3) 52 (21.1)
Respect 73 (15.7) 33 (15.6) 40 (16.3)

2 significant difference; p<0.05.

HESPER, Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale.