Table 1.
Database |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Database characteristics | Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) | Office of National Statistics (ONS) | UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) | Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) | Confidential Enquiries into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) | Mother and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries (MBRRACE) |
Time period | 1987– | 1996– | 2005– | 1952–2002 | 2003–2011 | 2012– |
–Country | England | England and Wales | UK | Initially restricted to England and Wales, it was extended in 1985 to whole of the UK | UK | England, Wales and Scotland; modified arrangements are in place for Northern Ireland |
Retrospective/prospective | Prospective | Prospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Retrospective | Retrospective |
Voluntary/mandatory | Mandatory | Mandatory | Voluntary report | Voluntary report | Voluntary report | Voluntary report |
Deaths | All deaths | All deaths | Maternal deaths | Maternal deaths | Maternal deaths, stillbirths and infant deaths | Maternal deaths, stillbirths and infant deaths |
Events other than death | All hospital episodes | Births | Rare disorders during pregnancy | Nil | Nil | Nil |
Lead institution | Health and Social Care Information Centre | UK statistics authority, reporting to UK parliament | National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU) at Oxford University | Department of Health | Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists | National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU) at Oxford University |