Table 2.
Responses for the knowledge and behavior and attitude questions in control and education school
| Education School [n(% correct)] | Control School [n(% correct)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questions type (correct response among choices of true/false or always, sometimes, never) |
Preseason (n=234) |
Post- Education (n=232) |
Postseason (n=167) |
Preseason (n=262) |
Postseason (n=222) |
|
| Knowledge questions | ||||||
| Check the following signs and symptoms that you believe a person is likely to experience AFTER a concussion | ||||||
| Emotional Changes (true) | 103(44.02) | 201(86.64) | 88(52.69) | 97(37.02) | 110(49.55) | |
| Neck Pain (false) | 98(41.88) | 124(53.45) | 50(29.94) | 130(49.62) | 73(32.88) | |
| Hallucinations (false) | 116(49.57) | 157(67.67) | 86(51.50) | 162(61.83) | 116(52.25) | |
| Vomiting (true) | 134(57.26) | 197(84.91) | 120(71.86) | 167(63.74) | 152(68.47) | |
| Tingling in Feet (false) | 159(67.95) | 167(71.98) | 97(58.08) | 191(72.90) | 140(63.06) | |
| Sensitivity to Noise (true) | 163(69.66) | 203(87.50) | 139(83.23) | 201(76.72) | 184(82.88) | |
| Nausea (true) | 177(75.64) | 216(94.40) | 144(86.22) | 214(81.68) | 194(87.39) | |
| Difficulty Concentrating (true) | 189(80.77) | 218(93.97) | 149(89.22) | 214(81.68) | 205(92.34) | |
| Sensitivity to Light (true) | 194(82.91) | 227(97.84) | 151(90.42) | 219(83.59) | 200(90.09) | |
| Slower Reaction Time (true) | 206(88.03) | 219(94.40) | 145(86.83) | 227(86.64) | 199(89.64) | |
| Difficulty Remembering (true) | 210(89.74) | 225(96.98) | 146(87.43) | 230(87.79) | 205(92.34) | |
| Confusion (true) | 212(90.60) | 227(97.84) | 147(88.02) | 234(89.31) | 202(90.99) | |
| Headache (true) | 225 (96.15) | 231 (99.57) | 157(94.01) | 252(96.18) | 216(97.30) | |
| A concussion is any injury to the head (false) | 63(26.92) | 115(49.57) | 47(28.14) | 56(21.37) | 51(22.97) | |
| An athlete should not continue to play sports while having a concussion (true) | 215(91.88) | 215(92.67) | 153(91.62) | 241(91.98) | 204(91.89) | |
| There is a higher risk of death if a second concussion occurs before the first one has healed (true) | 205(87.61) | 226(97.41) | 159(95.21) | 226(86.26) | 195(87.84) | |
| A person can only get a concussion if hit in the head (false) | 128(54.70) | 190(81.60) | 128(76.65) | 161(61.45) | 136(61.26) | |
| Imaging of the brain, such as MRI’s and CT scans, show visible physical damage to the brain after a concussion (false) | 46(19.66) | 131(56.47) | 55(32.93) | 46(17.56) | 35(15.77) | |
| If a person gets more than 3 concussions ever, they are not allowed to play sports ever again (false) | 169(72.22) | 190(81.90) | 114(68.26) | 193(73.66) | 154(69.37) | |
| If a person gets one concussion, they are more likely to get another (true) | 160(69.38) | 183(78.88) | 134(80.24) | 172(65.65) | 171(77.03) | |
| Being knocked out causes permanent damage to the brain (false) | 135(57.69) | 134(57.76) | 61(36.53) | 154(58.78) | 92(41.44) | |
| Majority of symptoms last for at least 1 month (false) | 110(47.01) | 141(60.78) | 56(33.53) | 105(40.08) | 81(36.49) | |
| Athletes must complete a gradual return to play before returning to sports (true) | 216(92.31) | 222(95.69) | 164(98.20) | 243(92.75) | 208(93.69) | |
| What is the current treatment for a person with a concussion There isn’t any (false) Play video games, watch movies, and text friends (false) Complete brain rest (true) Carry on with life as if nothing is wrong (false) | 176(75.21) | 202(87.07) | 138(82.63) | 218(83.21) | 185(38.22) | |
| Behavior and attitude questions | ||||||
| I would immediately tell a coach or athletic trainer that I had a headache, fogginess, or dizziness after getting hit in the head during a game or in practice (always) | 89(38.03) | 176(75.86) | 79(47.31) | 12(42.75) | 66(29.73) | |
| I would report having a concussion to a coach or athletic trainer if I knew it meant I would have to sit out a practice or two (always) | 107(45.73) | 179(77.16) | 92(55.09) | 145(55.34) | 90(40.54) | |
| I would report having a concussion to a coach or athletic trainer if I knew it meant I would have to sit out of a game (always) | 78(33.33) | 166(71.55) | 71(42.51) | 97(37.02) | 76(34.23) | |
| If my teammate told me they thought they had a concussion, I would report it to a coach or athletic trainer (always) | 80(34.09) | 176(75.86) | 82(49.10) | 112(42.75) | 71(31.98) | |
| I would continue playing a sport while having a headache that resulted from a minor bump to the head (never) | 21(8.97) | 72(11.37) | 26(15.57) | 17(6.49) | 16(7.21) | |
| I would play through any condition or injury in order for our team to win (never) | 16(6.84) | 75(32.22%) | 26(15.57%) | 24(9.16) | 29(13.06) | |
| I feel that it is important to be thoroughly evaluated by a medical personnel after an injury to make sure I recover completely (always) | 156(66.67) | 178(76.72) | 120(71.86) | 167(63.74) | 134(60.36) | |
| I feel that getting a concussion is not a big deal and actually proves that I’m tough (never) | 196(83.76) | 193(83.19) | 146(87.43) | 227(86.64) | 188(84.68) | |
| I feel that if a star athlete gets a concussion during a state tournament game they should return to the game since it could be their last one of the season (never) | 121(51.71) | 168(72.41) | 109(65.27) | 179(68.32) | 130(58.56) | |
| During a championship game you get injured. It hurts but doesn’t really hinder your ability to play. Knowing that it would result in a more severe injury, I would report the injury to a coach or athletic trainer (always) | 53(22.65) | 95(40.95) | 40(23.95) | 52(19.85) | 39(17.57) | |
| It is ok for an athlete to continue playing in a game in which they have suffered a concussion (never) | 172(73.50) | 195(84.05) | 132(79.04) | 200(76.34) | 156(70.27) | |