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Characterization of soft and stiff polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. A: mechanical characterization of PDMS stiffness substrate using a nanoindenter. B: contact angle measurement before and after the layer-by-layer (LBL) surface hydrophilization treatment. C: ovine cardiac side population (CSP) cell attachment onto surface-coated PDMS substrate. *P < 0.05; #P < 0.05 vs. before treatment.
