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Bacterial growth on the CNT cathode as a function of total voltage and incubation time. (a) Total bacterial adhesion on the CNT surface with a total voltage of 0, −1, or −2.0 V after 0.5, 3, 6, or 12 h of incubation. (b) SEM images of bacterial morphology on the CNT cathode at 3 h and 0 V, 3 h and −2.0 V, 12 h and 0 V, and 12 h and −2.0 V, at 30°C in a 0.9% NaCl saline solution with 1/8 TSB.
