Table 2.
IRRs and 95% CIs by Rural-Urban Continuum, Sex, and Time Perioda
| Residential Location by Sex | IRR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996-1998 | 1999-2001 | 2002-2004 | 2005-2007 | 2008-2010 | |
| Males | |||||
| Unadjusted | |||||
| 1 (Most urban) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | 1.13 (1.06-1.20) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) | 1.12 (1.08-1.16) | 1.11 (1.07-1.16) | 1.11 (1.04-1.17) |
| 3 | 1.15 (1.08-1.22) | 1.16 (1.11-1.21) | 1.18 (1.13-1.22) | 1.19 (1.14-1.25) | 1.21 (1.14-1.29) |
| 4 | 1.19 (1.10-1.28) | 1.22 (1.15-1.28) | 1.25 (1.19-1.30) | 1.28 (1.21-1.35) | 1.31 (1.21-1.41) |
| 5 | 1.11 (1.00-1.24) | 1.20 (1.11-1.30) | 1.30 (1.23-1.39) | 1.41 (1.31-1.52) | 1.53 (1.38-1.70) |
| 6 | 1.38 (1.29-1.48) | 1.36 (1.30-1.43) | 1.34 (1.29-1.39) | 1.32 (1.25-1.39) | 1.30 (1.21-1.39) |
| 7 | 1.44 (1.32-1.57) | 1.50 (1.41-1.59) | 1.56 (1.49-1.64) | 1.63 (1.53-1.73) | 1.70 (1.56-1.85) |
| 8/9 (Most rural) | 1.59 (1.44-1.76) | 1.67 (1.56-1.79) | 1.75 (1.65-1.86) | 1.84 (1.71-1.98) | 1.93 (1.75-2.14) |
| Adjustedb | |||||
| 1 (Most urban) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | 0.92 (0.87-0.98) |
| 3 | 0.85 (0.79-0.90) | 0.86 (0.82-0.90) | 0.87 (0.83-0.91) | 0.88 (0.84-0.92) | 0.89 (0.84-0.95) |
| 4 | 0.84 (0.78-0.91) | 0.86 (0.81-0.91) | 0.88 (0.84-0.93) | 0.90 (0.85-0.96) | 0.92 (0.85-1.00) |
| 5 | 0.71 (0.63-0.79) | 0.76 (0.70-0.83) | 0.83 (0.77-0.89) | 0.90 (0.83-0.97) | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) |
| 6 | 0.92 (0.85-0.99) | 0.90 (0.85-0.96) | 0.89 (0.84-0.94) | 0.87 (0.82-0.93) | 0.86 (0.79-0.93) |
| 7 | 0.86 (0.78-0.94) | 0.90 (0.84-0.96) | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | 0.97 (0.91-1.05) | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) |
| 8/9 (Most rural) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09) | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) | 1.13 (1.04-1.23) | 1.19 (1.07-1.32) |
| Females | |||||
| Unadjusted | |||||
| 1 (Most urban) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | 1.09 (0.99-1.21) | 1.10 (1.03-1.18) | 1.11 (1.05-1.17) | 1.11 (1.04-1.19) | 1.12 (1.02-1.23) |
| 3 | 1.08 (0.96-1.22) | 1.09 (1.00-1.19) | 1.10 (1.03-1.17) | 1.11 (1.02-1.20) | 1.11 (0.99-1.24) |
| 4 | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) | 1.07 (0.95-1.19) | 1.04 (0.95-1.14) | 1.02 (0.91-1.14) | 0.99 (0.84-1.16) |
| 5 | 1.04 (0.82-1.32) | 1.07 (0.91-1.27) | 1.11 (0.97-1.27) | 1.15 (0.98-1.35) | 1.19 (0.94-1.49) |
| 6 | 1.15 (0.98-1.34) | 1.17 (1.05-1.31) | 1.20 (1.10-1.31) | 1.23 (1.11-1.36) | 1.25 (1.08-1.45) |
| 7 | 1.27 (1.04-1.53) | 1.32 (1.16-1.51) | 1.38 (1.24-1.53) | 1.44 (1.27-1.63) | 1.50 (1.25-1.80) |
| 8/9 (Most rural) | 1.47 (1.15-1.88) | 1.55 (1.31-1.85) | 1.64 (1.44-1.87) | 1.74 (1.49-2.03) | 1.84 (1.47-2.30) |
| Adjustedb | |||||
| 1 (Most urban) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | 0.92 (0.83-1.02) | 0.93 (0.86-1.00) | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | 0.95 (0.86-1.05) |
| 3 | 0.84 (0.74-0.96) | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | 0.86 (0.79-0.93) | 0.86 (0.79-0.95) | 0.87 (0.77-0.98) |
| 4 | 0.84 (0.71-1.00) | 0.82 (0.72-0.93) | 0.80 (0.72-0.90) | 0.79 (0.70-0.89) | 0.77 (0.65-0.91) |
| 5 | 0.70 (0.55-0.90) | 0.73 (0.61-0.87) | 0.75 (0.65-0.87) | 0.78 (0.65-0.93) | 0.81 (0.63-1.02) |
| 6 | 0.89 (0.75-1.05) | 0.91 (0.80-1.03) | 0.93 (0.83-1.04) | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | 0.97 (0.82-1.14) |
| 7 | 0.86 (0.70-1.06) | 0.90 (0.77-1.05) | 0.94 (0.83-1.07) | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) | 1.03 (0.84-1.24) |
| 8/9 (Most rural) | 1.09 (0.84-1.42) | 1.16 (0.96-1.40) | 1.22 (1.05-1.43) | 1.29 (1.09-1.54) | 1.37 (1.08-1.74) |
Abbreviation: IRR, incidence rate ratio.
a
Population included suicide decedents aged 10 to 24 years.
b
Models were adjusted for the proportion of persons in the community who were older than 25 years with a high school diploma, proportion of persons older than 25 years with a college degree, proportion of black individuals, per capita income, proportion of the civilian workforce population unemployed, proportion of households headed by women, proportion of females divorced, population per square mile, and the number of pediatricians, child psychiatrists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers per 10 000 population.