Table 1. Characteristics of the validation cohort (n=1,969).

Patient Characteristics (n, [IQR])		Tumor Characteristics
Age (years)	56 [49-64]	Size of the largest nodule
Male	1639 (83.2%)	≤1cm	2.5%
Etiology		1-2cm	12.7%
HBV	1469 (74.6%)	2-3cm	14.9%
HCV	184 (9.3%)	3-5cm	19.7%
Alcoholic	144 (7.4%)	5-10cm	26.9%
NBNCNA	172 (8.7%)	10-15cm	15.7%
Bilirubin (mg/dl)	0.9 [0.6-1.3]	15-20cm	6.4%
INR	1.15 [1.06-1.27]	>20cm	1.2%
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1.0 [0.9-1.1]	Number of nodules
Albumin (g/dl)	3.8 [3.4-4.2]	1	51.2%
C-P score	5.0 [5.0-6.0]	2	15.9%
C-P class (A/B/C)	81.6%/16.7%/1.7%	3	6.9%
MELD*	7.8 [5.7-10.3]	4	3.7%
MESIAH	4.6 [3.7-5.8]	≥5	22.4%
Performance status (%)		Vascular invasion	674 (34.2%)
0/1/2	43.3/53.4/3.3	Extrahepatic metastasis	358 (18.2%)
Initial treatment		AFP (ng/ml)	171.6 [14.0-3272.0]
Transplantation	30 (1.5%)	<20	29.0%
Resection	367 (18.6%)	≥20, <400	28.9%
Local ablation	70 (3.6%)	≥400	42.2%
TACE	1,148 (58.3%)
Sorafenib	32 (1.6%)
Cytotoxic chemotherapy	78 (4.0%)
Radiation	99 (5.0%)
Supportive care	145 (7.4%)

Number (proportion) or median [interquartile range] are shown.

HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NBNCNA, non-B/non-C/non-alcoholic; INR, internationalized normalized ratio; C-P, Child-Pugh; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; MESIAH, Model to Estimate Survival in Ambulatory HCC; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization

^*The MELD score was calculated according to the original formula without rounding or lower and upper bounds in the variables and the final score.