Table 3.
Final Adjusted Model Showing Assocation of Lower Extremity Pain With Impaired Self-reported Physical Functional Statusa
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Musculoskeletal pain | ||
| Lower extremity vs none | 2.82 (1.35–5.88) | <.01 |
| Lower back vs none | 1.33 (0.47–3.81) | .59 |
| Lower back vs lower extremity | 0.47 (0.19–1.16) | .10 |
| BMI | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | <.01 |
| Depressive symptoms | 4.19 (1.54–11.36) | <.01 |
| Sex-by-race interaction | … | .03 |
| White race, male vs female | 0.86 (0.39–1.88) | .70 |
| Nonwhite race, male vs female | 0.06 (0.01–0.55) | .01 |
| Female, nonwhite vs white | 1.26 (0.59–2.68) | .55 |
| Male, nonwhite vs white | 0.09 (0.01–0.81) | .03 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); OR, odds ratio; ellipsis, not applicable.
a
Self-reported physical functional status was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, where a score higher than 0 indicates impaired physical functional status. Analyses were adjusted for age at surgery, BMI, depressive symptoms (indicated by a score ≥17 on the Beck Depression Inventory–II), sex, and race. Age at surgery was not retained in the final model.