Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics, including predictors of treatment failure for children enrolled in the cohort by loss to follow-up (sensitivity analysis 1).
| Characteristic | Complete follow-up (n = 769) | Lost to follow-up (n = 197) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Proportion (% missing) | Proportion (% missing) | |
| Age (months) | 21.7 (14.7) | 22.8 (14.9) |
| 12 to 59 months | 70.3% (0.9%) | 75.1% (2.0%) |
| 6 to 11 month | 16.5% | 13.0% |
| 2 to 5 months | 13.1% | 11.9% |
| Respiratory rate: 2–11 months (breaths/min) | 56.2 (5.1) | 57.1 (5.9) |
| 12–59 months (breaths/min) | 47.5 (7.1) | 47.7 (5.8) |
| Very fast | 1.1% (6.1%) | 4.0% (7.1%) |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 96.4 (1.9) | 96.7 (2.0) |
| Abnormal (90–94%) | 15.3% (1.4%) | 12.8% (0.5%) |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.1 (1.0) | 37.2 (1.0) |
| Fever ≥38°C | 18.2% (4.2%) | 19.8% (5.0%) |
| MUAC (cm) * | 14.7 (1.4) | 15.0 (1.4) |
| Moderately malnourished (<13.5 cm) | 17.1% (19.5%) | 10.1% (19.8%) |
| Proportion (% missing) | Proportion (% missing) | |
| District: Mchinji | 45.5% (0%) | 39.1% (0%) |
| Sex: Female | 52.7% (2.0%) | 52.6% (0.5%) |
| Pentavalent vaccine: 3 doses | 92.5% (6.4%) | 90.3% (6.1%) |
| PCV13 vaccination: 3 doses * | 78.6% (23.0%) | 65.9% (36.0%) |
| †Concurrent malaria diagnosis | 40.2% (0.3%) | - |
The two study areas were in Mchinji and Lilongwe rural, both in the central region of Malawi. SD: standard deviation; MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference; PCV13: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
*p-value<0.05 using chi2 test or t-test.
†Concurrent diagnosis was confirmed at follow-up so those lost to follow-up do not have this information. Malaria diagnosis was clinical and made at the same time as the pneumonia diagnosis by the CHWs.