Table 1.
Baseline Demographic, Clinical, Genotype, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Biomarker Characteristics of Study Participantsa
| Variable | Clinical Dementia Rating 0 (n = 64) |
Alzheimer Disease (n = 23) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age at lumbar puncture, mean (SE), y | 72.3 (0.8) | 73.6 (2.1) | .46 |
| Sex | .44 | ||
| Female-male ratio | 45:19 | 14:9 | |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 45 (70) | 14 (61) | |
| Education, mean (SE), y | 15.4 (0.4) | 14.0 (0.7) | .06 |
| APOE ε4 genotypeb | .04c | ||
| ε4+ to ε4− Ratio | 20:44 | 13:10 | |
| ε4+, No. (%) | 20 (31) | 13 (57) | |
| Duration of follow-up, mean (SE), y | 2.7 (0.2) | 2.5 (0.3) | .62 |
| Baseline Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes, mean (SE) | 0.02 (0.01) | 2.70 (0.50) | <.001c |
| Baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score, mean (SE) | 29.0 (0.2) | 26.0 (0.9) | <.001c |
| Positron emission tomography with PIBd | .005c | ||
| PIB+ to PIB− ratio | 13:37 | 8:3 | |
| PIB+, No./total number (%) | 13/50 (26) | 8/11 (73) | |
| Baseline Whole-Brain and Regional Volume or Cortical Thickness Measures, Mean (SE)e | |||
| Normalized whole-brain volume | 0.770 (0.004) | 0.740 (0.007) | .001c |
| Hippocampal volume, mm3 | 7438 (111) | 6310 (237) | <.001c |
| Entorhinal thickness, mm | 3.49 (0.05) | 3.22 (0.08) | .007c |
| Parahippocampal thickness, mm | 2.60 (0.04) | 2.45 (0.06) | .04c |
| Fusiform thickness, mm | 2.59 (0.03) | 2.46 (0.04) | .01c |
| Posterior cingulate thickness, mm | 2.48 (0.02) | 2.40 (0.03) | .04c |
| Precuneus thickness, mm | 2.26 (0.01) | 2.16 (0.03) | .003c |
| Pericalcarine thickness, mm | 1.52 (0.02) | 1.56 (0.04) | .28 |
| Baseline CSF Biomarker Measures, Mean (SE) | |||
| VILIP-1, pg/mL | 396 (16) | 549 (43) | <.001c |
| tau, pg/mL | 297 (21) | 543 (52) | <.001c |
| p-tau181, pg/mL | 53 (3) | 82 (6) | <.001c |
| Aβ42, pg/mL | 613 (30) | 436 (30) | .001c |
| tau to Aβ42 ratio | 0.62 (0.07) | 1.44 (0.18) | <.001c |
| p-tau181 to Aβ42 ratio | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.21 (0.02) | <.001c |
| VILIP-1 to Aβ42 ratio | 0.78 (0.06) | 1.39 (0.13) | <.001c |
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E ε4; PIB, Pittsburgh Compound B.
t Tests or χ2 tests were used to compare demographic, clinical, genotype, CSF, and magnetic resonance imaging biomarker characteristics between the Alzheimer disease cohort (Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5) and control cohort (Clinical Dementia Rating 0).
The APOE ε4+ genotype was defined by the presence of at least 1 APOE ε4 allele.
P < .05.
Of 87 participants in the study, 61 underwent positron emission tomography with PIB, including 50 individuals in the control cohort (Clinical Dementia Rating 0) and 11 individuals in the Alzheimer disease cohort (Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5).
Values represent baseline normalized whole-brain volume (Clinical Dementia Rating 0, n = 64, and Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5, n = 23) and regional cortical volume or thickness measures in cubic millimeters or millimeters, respectively (Clinical Dementia Rating 0, n = 61, and Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5, n = 23).