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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 28.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2015 Jun;72(6):656–665. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0202

Table 2.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Biomarker Measures as Predictors of Annual Change in Whole-Brain and Regional Volume or Thickness Measures in Alzheimer Diseasea

CSF Biomarker P Value β Estimate P Value β Estimate P Value β Estimate P Value β Estimate
Normalized Whole-Brain Volume Hippocampal Volume Entorhinal Thickness Parahippocampal Thickness
VILIP-1 .006b −0.004 .01b −95.0 .001b −0.093 .006b −0.087
tau .005b −0.003 .02b −90.3 .01b −0.076 .01b −0.076
p-tau181 .006b −0.003 .04b −76.1 .008b −0.076 .03b −0.064
Aβ42 .17 0.002 .05 77.9 .15 0.048 .71 0.012
Aβ40 .19 −0.001 .17 −57.4 .24 −0.039 .79 −0.009
Fusiform Thickness Posterior Cingulate Thickness Precuneus Thickness Pericalcarine Thickness
VILIP-1 .04b −0.056 .005b −0.062 .07 −0.036 .28 0.007
tau .04b −0.057 .04b −0.049 .08 −0.033 .52 −0.005
p-tau181 .001b −0.081 .002b −0.069 .02b −0.044 .36 −0.006
Aβ42 .58 −0.017 .38 −0.023 .90 0.003 .44 −0.006
Aβ40 .10 −0.055 .09 −0.051 .53 −0.015 .61 −0.010

Abbreviation: VILIP-1, visinin-like protein 1.

a

In these analyses, CSF biomarker measures were standardized to z scores and examined as continuous variables. The given β estimate for a CSF biomarker measure reflects the difference in annual change in a volume or thickness measure per standardized biomarker unit. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, imaging system type, and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ40 levels were used as a control.

b

P < .05.