Table 4.

Association of time-varying covariates and incident HPV, unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders among HIV-positive MSM in San Francisco.

	Unadjusted		Adjusted^b

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)^a	P-value^a	OR (95% CI)^a	P-value^a
Recall period: past 6 months
Injection drug use	2.0 (0.6–6.7)	0.39	2.1 (0.6–7.0)	0.35
Rectal drug use	2.5 (1.4–4.7)	0.03	2.4 (1.3–4.5)	0.03
Number of male partners with whom the participant was the receptive partner
0–1	1.0		1.0
2–7	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.03	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.006
8+	2.2 (1.3–3.7)		2.9 (1.6–5.1)
Number of ‘new’ male partners with whom the participant was the receptive partner	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	0.01	1.03 (1.01–1.1)	0.006
Frequency of receptive intercourse (participant receptive partner)
None	1.0		1.0
1 –3 times per month	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.03	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.01
1+ times per week	2.1 (1.3–3.3)		2.6 (1.5–4.6)
Number of insertive male partners (participant was the insertive partner)
0–1	1.0		1.0
2–7	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.09	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.12
8+	2.0 (1.1–3.4)		2.0 (1.1–3.8)
Number of ‘new’ male partners with whom the participant was the insertive partner	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.18	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.22
Number of oral–anal contact partners (participant received anal contact)
0–1	1.0		1.0
2–7	1.1 (0.70–1.9)	0.66	1.4 (0.9–2.4)	0.14
8+	1.2 (0.8–2.0)		1.6 (1.0–2.8)
Number ‘new’ oral–anal contact partners (participant received anal contact)	1.04 (1.01–1.1)	0.04	1.06 (1.03– 1.09)	0.01
Times objects inserted into anus
0–1	1.0		1.0
2–7	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.02	1.1 (0.6–2.0)	0.11
8+	2.3 (1.4–3.6)		2.1 (1.1–3.8)
Recall period: past 30 days
Number of male partners
0	1.0		1.0
1	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	0.07	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.10
2+	1.2 (0.7–1.9)		1.2 (0.7–2.0)
Number of male partners with whom the participant was the receptive partner	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	0.08	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.07
Frequency receptive intercourse (participant was the receptive partner)	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	0.005	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	0.005

CI, confidence interval; HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio.

Generalized linear models estimated with generalized estimating equations (GEE) with a logit link accounting for the correlation between repeated measures on participants.

Adjusted for age at baseline, race, education, smoking 100+ lifetime cigarettes, and baseline CD4⁺ level, HPV 6 status atbaseline, and CD4⁺ level at previous visit.