Table 1.

Demographic information, PS flow rate, and protein concentration in samples collected from CD patients and controls

	HC n = 19	GI n = 11	CD n = 20	RCD n = 8
Age (Mean ± SD)	33.6 + 13.9	41.0 + 148	35.1 ± 16.6	54.1 + 13.5a),b)
Gender (%)	M 5 (26.3%) F 14 (73.796)	M 3 (27.3%) F 8 (72.7%)	M 3(15%) F 17(85%)	M 3 (37.5%) F 5 (62.5%)
Race	Caucasian	Caucasian	Caucasian	Caucasian
PS flow rate (mL/min)
Mean ± SD	0.84 ± 0.47	0.82 ± 0 42	0.73 ± 0.39	1.10 ± 0.96
Minimum/maximum	0.3–2.08	0.19–1.41	0 21–1.93	0.3–3.05
Median	0.75	0.93	0.65	0.695
PS protein concentration (mg/mL)
Mean ± SD	1.07 + 0.25	1.29 ± 0.52	1.03 + 0.27	1.21 + 0.13c)
Minimum/maximum	0.57–1.51	0.62–2.4	047–1.36	0.99–1.33
Median	1.11	1.13	1.03	1 27

HC, healthy controls; GI, (unrelated) gastrointestinal disorders; CD, celiac disease; RCD, refractory CD.

^aStatistically significant difference between HC and RCD group (p = 0.007).

^bStatistically significant difference between CD and RCD group (p = 0.018).

^cStatistically significant difference between CD and RCD group (p = 0.037).

All statistical analysis were performed with the Mann-Whitney test.