Table 1. Baseline characteristics (means or percent) and dietary intakes of exposures of interest of colorectal cancer cases and non-cases in NLCS-MIC, 1986-2006.
| Characteristics | Non cases | Colorectal cancer cases | Colon cancer casesa | Rectal cancer casesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 9773 | 437 | 307 | 92 |
| Meat consumption group (%) | ||||
| Vegetarian | 6% | 5% | 6% | 1% |
| Pescetarian | 4% | 3% | 4% | 2% |
| 1 day/wk meat | 12% | 9% | 10% | 11% |
| 2–5 days/wk meat | 26% | 27% | 27% | 25% |
| 6-7 days/wk meat | 51% | 56% | 53% | 61% |
| Sex (% men) | 47% | 53%* | 50% | 64%* |
| Age | 61.3 ± 4.2b | 61.4 ± 4.0 | 61.5 ± 4.1 | 61.2 ± 3.8 |
| Current smokers (%) | 26% | 23% | 21% | 33% |
| BMI mean | 24.7 ± 3.2 | 25.0 ± 3.2 | 24.9 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 3.1 |
| Physical activity (non-occupational) (%) | ||||
| <30 min/day | 21% | 19% | 19% | 15% |
| 30–60 min/day | 30% | 33% | 35% | 30% |
| 60–90 min/day | 23% | 19% | 21% | 16% |
| >90 min/day | 26% | 28% | 25% | 38% |
| Level of education (%) | ||||
| Low | 46% | 47% | 45% | 51% |
| Medium | 37% | 37% | 38% | 37% |
| High | 17% | 16% | 17% | 12% |
| Supplement use (% users) | 34% | 31% | 36% | 22%* |
| Energy (kcal) | 1888 ± 519 | 1919 ± 512 | 1888 ± 515 | 2032 ± 503* |
| Fiber (g) | 28.2 ± 7.6 | 27.8 ± 7.2 | 27.8 ± 7.3 | 27.9 ± 6.5 |
| Alcohol (g) | 9.3 ± 13.8 | 11.8 ± 16.4* | 11.9 ± 16.7* | 12.3 ± 17.2* |
| Total fresh meat (g)c | 81.1 ± 52.8 | 83.6 ± 48.1 | 80.9 ± 48.6 | 88.2 ± 48.4 |
| Fresh red meat (g)d | 70.6 ± 49.2 | 73.1 ± 45.5 | 70.7 ± 46.0 | 76.5 ± 44.3 |
| Beef (g) | 21.6 ± 23.9 | 22.1 ± 21.3 | 22.4 ± 21.9 | 19.5 ± 19.0 |
| Pork (g) | 30.5 ± 29.8 | 32.4 ± 29.0 | 29.9 ± 27.6 | 36.7 ± 28.6* |
| Minced meat (g) | 14.9 ± 16.3 | 15.3 ± 15.0 | 15.1 ± 14.8 | 16.7 ± 16.7 |
| Liver (g) | 1.6 ± 4.0 | 1.6 ± 3.7 | 1.5 ± 3.6 | 1.9 ± 4.1 |
| Chicken (g) | 11.3 ± 14.8 | 11.2 ± 14.1 | 10.9 ± 12.3 | 12.3 ± 15.1 |
| Processed meat (g) | 11.0 ± 14.3 | 12.3 ± 14.4 | 11.4 ± 13.6 | 16.3 ± 17.8* |
| Fish (g) | 13.1 ± 18.1 | 12.6 ± 14.9 | 13.3 ± 15.8 | 13.3 ± 12.9 |
| Vegetables (g) | 199 ± 89 | 200 ± 85 | 200 ± 88 | 204 ± 81 |
| Fruits (g) | 184 ± 128 | 175 ± 115 | 176 ± 115 | 168 ± 110 |
| Pulses (g) | 10.0 ± 16.7 | 10.1 ± 17.1 | 9.9 ± 13.3 | 9.5 ± 13.9 |
| Soy products (g) | 3.1 ± 17.8 | 2.0 ± 9.4 | 2.7 ± 9.9 | 0.4 ± 1.5 |
| Milk (g) | 312 ± 208 | 285 ± 189* | 288 ± 193* | 284 ± 188 |
| Cheese (g) | 25.9 ± 22.6 | 24.2 ± 20.8 | 23.1 ± 20.0* | 30.4 ± 24.4 |
| Eggs (g) | 15.6 ± 11.7 | 16.2 ± 11.1 | 15.3 ± 10.0 | 18.7 ± 14.7* |
aColon and rectal cases do not sum to total colorectal cancer cases because rectosigmoid cases were not evaluated separately.
bmean ± SD, all such values.
cIntake based on raw meat weight.
dIncludes beef, pork, minced meat, liver and other meat.
*Statistically significant different from non-cases (using the χ2 test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables).