Table 2.

CIBP therapeutic targets identified by use of animal models.

TARGET	ABBREVIATION	CANCER	MODEL HOST SPECIES	REFERENCES
Bone remodeling
Osteoprotegerin	OPG	Breast, Prostate	Mouse	41–43, 50
Transforming growth factor-β	TGFβ	Breast	Mouse	56, 57
Parathyroid hormone-related protein	PTHrP	Breast	Mouse	56
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand	RANKL	Breast, Prostate	Mouse	41–43, 50
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	FPP synthase	Breast	Mouse	44–46, 176, 177
Cathepsin K	CKI	Breast	Mouse	178
Neurotrophins
Nerve growth factor	NGF	Breast, Prostate, Sarcoma	Mouse	68, 71, 75–77
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor	BDNF	Breast	Rat	81, 82
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A,B	TrkA,B	Sarcoma	Mouse	79
Oxidative and nitrosative stress
Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter System xc−	System xc−	Breast	Mouse	87
Inflammatory mediators
Tumor necrosis factor-α	TNFα	Breast, Lung, Sarcoma	Mouse	27, 101–105
Interleukin-6	IL-6	Sarcoma	Mouse	102, 103
Interleukin-1β/receptor IL-1R	IL-1β/IL-1R	Sarcoma	Mouse	102, 103
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1/receptor CCR2	MCP-1, CCL2/CCr2	Breast	Rat	114
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α	MIP-1α, CCL3	Breast	Mouse	101
Fractalkine/fractalkine receptor	CXCL1/CX3CR1	Breast	Rat	110, 111
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases	P38 MAPK	Breast	Rat	111
Cannabinoid receptor 2	CB2	Breast	Mouse	101
Neurochemical changes and sensitization
Acid-sensing ion channel 3	ASIC3	Breast	Rat	132
Acid-sensing ion channel 1a/1b (ASIC1a/1b)	ASIC1a/1b	Breast	Rat	47
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1	TRPV1	Sarcoma Breast,	Mice	121
		Sarcoma	Rat	124, 126, 127
P2X purinoceptor 3	P2X3	Breast	Rat	136, 137
MicroRNAs miR-1a-3p and miR-483-3p		Sarcoma	Mice	142