Table 3.
Adult Characteristics by BMI z-score Trajectory Group
| BMI z-score Group |
Age (years) |
Body Fat (%)a |
Fat mass (kg)a |
Fat Free Mass (kg)a |
Difference in 24h EE from expected (kcal/day)b |
M (mg glucose / kg EMBS / min)c |
Age (years) |
Blood Pressure (mmHg)a |
Fasting Glucose (mmol/l)a |
2h Glucose (mmol/l)a |
Type 2 Diabetes Risk (HRR)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=313 | n=313 | n=313 | n=313 | n=93 | n=111 | n=820 | n=820 | n=820 | n=820 | n=873 (68 events) |
|
| Below Average | 24.4±3.9 | 22.8±10. 6$ (19.2, 26.5) | 18.4±9.4$ (13.4, 23.5) | 48.0±7.7$ (43.9, 52.1) | −70±161 (−206, 66) | 4.3±1.6 (3.2, 5.7) | 25.0±5.9 | 112±9$/65±10$ (106/61 , 117/69) | 5.2±2.1$# (4.4, 6.0) | 6.0±5.0$# (4.5, 7.6) | comparator |
| Average | 25.4±4.7 | 27.0±9.1 $ (24.3, 29.7) | 22.2±10.2$ (19.9, 24.9) | 51.1±9.0$ (49.1, 53.2) | −47±161 (−115, 21) | 3.3±1.5 (2.7, 3.9) | 24.3±4.7 | 117±13$#/69±9 $# (113/66 , 121/72) | 4.9±0.5$ (4.3, 5.5) | 5.6±1.6$ (4.4, 6.7) | comparator |
| Stable Above Average | 25.7±4.6 | 31.0±7.5 (28.7, 33.3) | 29.4±8.8 (27.2, 31.1) | 57.3±10.1 (55.8, 58.9) | 11±155 (−41, 64) | 3.2±0.9 (2.8, 3.6) | 23.6±4.0 | 118±10$#/69±9 $# (114/67 , 121/72) | 5.2±1.4$ (4.6, 5.7) | 6.3±3.2 (5.2, 7.4) | 1.2 (0.5, 3.2) |
| Lean Increasing to Overweight | 25.4±5.0 | 34.3±6.9 # (31.8, 36.8) | 37.7±10.2 (34.9, 38.9) | 62.1±8.8 (60.5, 63.8) | 59±127 (−14, 133) | 2.8±0.6 (2.3, 3.3) | 23.7±4.1 | 120±13#%/70±1 1#% (116/67 , 123/73) | 5.7±2.5# (5.2, 6.3) | 7.1±4.4# (6.0, 8.2) | 2.5 (1.1, 6.0) |
| High Increasing | 23.7±3.6 | 36.5±6.1 # (33.7, 39.3) | 44.8±11.6# (42.4, 47.9) | 69.8±10.5 (67.5, 72.0) | 48±160 (48, 144) | 2.9±0.9 (2.4, 3.6) | 22.9±3.3 | 122±12%/72±1 0# (118/69 , 126/75) | 5.8±2.1# (5.2, 6.4) | 7.3±4.1# (6.1, 8.4) | 4.4 (1.9, 10.6) |
| Chronic Overweight | 24.0±4.0 | 37.3±7.7 # (34.0, 40.7) | 49.2±15.4# (46.6, 54.9) | 76.6±17.0 (73.2, 80.0) | −122±161 (−237, 8) | 3.2±0.5 (2.6, 4.1) | 23.4±4.0 | 123±12%/74±1 0% (119/70 , 128/78) | 6.2±2.9# (5.4, 6.9) | 8.0±5.3# (6.6, 9.5) | 7.1 (2.7, 18.8) |
| All | 25.1±4.6 | 34.5±8.7 | 33.3±13.7 | 60.2±12.4 | −3±8 | 2.9±1.1 | 23.7±4.2 | 116±12/68±10 | 5.5±1.9 | 6.9±3.8 |
Data presented as mean±SD (95% confidence interval); EE = energy expenditure, M = Insulin Action. Symbols indicate values that are similar to one another (p>0.05 for difference).
a
Adjusted for age, sex, birth year and degree of Pima heritage;
b
after accounting for age, sex, fat mass, fat free mass, degree of Pima heritage (p=0.06 for 1-way ANOVA);
c
adjusted for age, sex, birth year, degree of Pima heritage, percent body fat;
d
adjusted for sex, birth year, degree of Pima heritage