Table 2.

Association of galectin-3 concentration with clinical end points in different stages of renal disease

Outcome	LURIC Study							4D Study
	eGFR≥90		eGFR=60–89		eGFR<60		P Value for Trendc	Hemodialysis
	HR (95% CI)	P Valueb	HR (95% CI)	P Valueb	HR (95% CI)	P Valueb		HR (95% CI)	P Valueb
MIa
Unadjusted	1.09 (0.68 to 1.74)	0.73	1.29 (0.94 to 1.76)	0.11	1.64 (1.01 to 2.68)	0.05	0.02	1.12 (0.97 to 1.30)	0.12
Model 1	1.05 (0.64 to 1.71)	0.85	1.33 (0.96 to 1.84)	0.09	1.71 (1.03 to 2.83)	0.04	0.01	1.16 (0.99 to 1.35)	0.06
Model 2	0.93 (0.56 to 1.59)	0.80	1.20 (0.86 to 1.67)	0.28	1.61 (0.97 to 2.68)	0.07	0.09	1.16 (0.99 to 1.35)	0.06
SCD
Unadjusted	0.97 (0.71 to 1.31)	0.82	1.25 (1.03 to 1.51)	0.03	1.05 (0.81 to 1.35)	0.74	0.10	1.01 (0.82 to 1.20)	0.87
Model 1	0.92 (0.68 to 1.26)	0.62	1.24 (1.02 to 1.51)	0.04	1.10 (0.84 to 1.43)	0.49	0.07	0.99 (0.83 to 1.17)	0.99
Model 2	0.88 (0.63 to 1.23)	0.47	1.15 (0.94 to 1.40)	0.17	1.05 (0.80 to 1.39)	0.73	0.26	0.99 (0.83 to 1.18)	0.89
Death due to heart failure
Unadjusted	1.03 (0.63 to 1.68)	0.91	1.15 (0.89 to 1.49)	0.28	1.46 (1.05 to 2.04)	0.02	0.03	1.26 (0.91 to 1.75)	0.16
Model 1	0.98 (0.59 to 1.62)	0.92	1.10 (0.84 to 1.42)	0.49	1.49 (1.06 to 2.09)	0.02	0.03	1.28 (0.92 to 1.77)	0.15
Model 2	0.95 (0.58 to 1.54)	0.83	1.01 (0.78 to 1.31)	0.95	1.31 (0.91 to 1.88)	0.15	0.19	1.25 (0.89 to 1.75)	0.20
Strokea
Unadjusted	1.29 (0.69 to 2.38)	0.43	1.21 (0.78 to 1.83)	0.37	1.42 (0.77 to 2.59)	0.26	0.11	1.36 (1.11 to 1.67)	0.003
Model 1	1.20 (0.57 to 2.56)	0.63	1.14 (0.75 to 1.75)	0.54	1.47 (0.81 to 2.67)	0.20	0.18	1.30 (1.04 to 1.61)	0.02
Model 2	1.26 (0.53 to 2.99)	0.61	1.39 (0.74 to 1.73)	0.58	1.37 (0.72 to 2.59)	0.34	0.26	1.25 (0.99 to 1.57)	0.06
All-cause mortality
Unadjusted	1.12 (0.96 to 1.31)	0.16	1.25 (1.13 to 1.38)	<0.001	1.23 (1.07 to 1.42)	0.003	<0.001	1.09 (1.00 to 1.18)	0.05
Model 1	1.05 (0.89 to 1.23)	0.58	1.22 (1.10 to 1.36)	<0.001	1.30 (1.12 to 1.50)	<0.001	<0.001	1.10 (1.00 to 1.20)	0.04
Model 2	0.99 (0.84 to 1.18)	0.95	1.15 (1.04 to 1.28)	0.01	1.22 (1.05 to 1.41)	0.01	<0.001	1.07 (0.98 to 1.17)	0.13
Cardiovascular eventsa
Unadjusted	1.07 (0.87 to 1.32)	0.52	1.21 (1.06 to 1.37)	0.004	1.21 (1.02 to 1.43)	0.03	<0.001	1.13 (1.03 to 1.24)	0.01
Model 1	1.01 (0.81 to 1.25)	0.95	1.19 (1.04 to 1.35)	0.01	1.25 (1.05 to 1.48)	0.01	<0.001	1.12 (1.01 to 1.23)	0.03
Model 2	0.96 (0.76 to 1.20)	0.70	1.10 (0.97 to 1.25)	0.16	1.21 (1.01 to 1.44)	0.04	0.02	1.12 (1.01 to 1.24)	0.03
Death due to infection
Unadjusted	2.14 (0.83 to 5.51)	0.12	1.65 (1.15 to 2.36)	0.01	1.63 (1.06 to 2.48)	0.03	<0.001	1.19 (0.99 to 1.44)	0.06
Model 1	1.79 (0.64 to 5.00)	0.27	1.67 (1.14 to 2.44)	0.01	1.75 (1.13 to 2.73)	0.01	<0.001	1.20 (0.99 to 1.46)	0.06
Model 2	2.27 (0.70 to 7.36)	0.17	1.49 (1.03 to 2.16)	0.04	1.71 (1.08 to 2.70)	0.02	<0.001	1.14 (0.93 to 1.39)	0.20

eGFR values are given in ml/min per 1.73 m². Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was adjusted for age and sex, with additional adjustments for smoking status, systolic BP, body mass index, LDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering therapy (LURIC) or atorvastatin treatment (4D), diabetes mellitus (LURIC) or duration of diabetes mellitus (4D), triglycerides, and C-reactive protein.

^aFatal and nonfatal events in 4D, and only fatal events in LURIC.

^bAfter Bonferroni correction for 4×7=28 tests, a P value of <0.002 would be regarded as significant.

^cP for trend represents the comparison across the three eGFR categories (≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m², 60–89 ml/min 1.73 m², and <60 ml/min per 1.73 m²).