Full-scale PVDF400HE-PAA membrane module water flux and reactivity in selenium oxyanion removal. (A) Water permeability with pH at 25 °C; (B) Selenium removal results by passing synthetic selenium solution through iron immobilized module convectively, [Fe]0=0.68 g, [Se(VI)]0=1.00±0.05 mg/L, [Se(IV)]0=1.00±0.05 mg/L (2.0±0.1 mg/L in total) in synthetic feed solution (pH=6.2), V=18 L, Jw=110.4 L/(m2·h) and τ=1.2 s. The retentate flow rate was 22.5 L/h, and the total volume of permeate was 17 L. Effective membrane area: 0.465 m2. In pH responsive study, water flux was measured after being stabilized for 15 min. Water flux was already normalized with temperature due to viscosity change.