Table 3:
Pain Measurement Instruments Used in Randomized Controlled Trials
| Measurement Instrument | Descriptiona |
|---|---|
| AIMS2: pain subscale | Measurement of arthritis pain, not limited to knee pain, composed of 4 items. Reported on a 0–100 scale where higher scores indicate more severe pain. |
| ASES: pain subscale | Questionnaire for patients with osteoarthritis to assess self-efficacy. Subscale score ranges from 10 to 100 where higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy. |
| KOOS: pain subscale | Measurement tool specific to knee function. Pain is 1 of the 5 subscales with scores ranging from 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate no knee-related pain. |
| KSPS | 12-item measurement tool the authors created for the study. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate more severe pain. |
| Proportion of patients who are pain free | Rate of patients determined to be pain free versus total patients in each study arm. No description was provided about how pain-free status was evaluated. |
| SF-36: pain subscale | Self-reported measure of pain on basis of 2 items with a score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate less pain. |
| VAS | Single question completed by patients on a continuous 10-cm line or discrete scores ranging from 0 to 10; higher scores indicate more severe pain. One study (13, 16) used an 11-point scale accounting for 0 as an option. |
| WOMAC: pain subscale | Questionnaire to assess condition in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee. Pain is 1 of 3 subscales examined in the WOMAC index and is evaluated on basis of 5 items. WOMAC is available in 2 formats: 4-point Likert (pain scores range from 0 to 20) and 100-mm VAS (pain scores range from 0 to 500). Higher scores indicate more severe pain. |
Abbreviations: AIMS2, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale; ASES, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; KOOS, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KSPS, knee-specific pain scale; SF-36, Short Form 36 health survey; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
a
Descriptions are based on information provided in the included studies.