Table 1.

Data on infrared light penetration of ex vivo skin samples

Instrument	Watts	Watts at 0 mm	Watts at 5 mm	Skin thickness (mm)	Watts penetrating	Temp change (°C)	Pulse (Hz)	Watts at 5 mm	Skin thickness (mm)	Watts penetrating	Temp change (°C)
Custom LED	0.05	0.050±0.001	0.020±0.000	1.9	0.0000±0.0000	−0.08±0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
810 nm					0.00%
In Light LED	0.2	0.020±0.002	0.010±0.000	1.9	0.0000±0.0000	−0.05±0.01	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
650/880 nm					0.00%
K-Laser/Eltech 6D LED	6	3.890±0.004	0.012±0.003	1.9	0.0027±0.0010	−0.19±0.79	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
670/970 nm					21.50%a,b
LiteCure LT 1000	10	5.I60±0.153	4.790±0.058	1.9	0.4120±0.0360	0.228±0.306	10	2.20±0.050	2.0	0.304±0.126	0.928±1.600
810/980 nm					8.60%a–c					13.80%
Diowave	15	9.210±0.040	8.460±0.006	2.0	2.8720±0.6670	0.389±0.322	10	4.00±0.020	2.0	1.372±0.241	−0.055±0.457
810 nm					33.90%a–e					34.30%
Diowave	15	9.590±0.085	9.080±0.093	2.0	1.2620±0.3080	1.33±0.362	10	4.47±0.040	2.0	2.734±0.279	0.889±0.794
980 nm					13.90%a–c,f					61.10%

Notes: The manufacturer’s specified watt output, the actual output registered when the infrared light-emitting device was directly in contact with the meter detector, and the watts which traversed 5 mm of air are reported. The watts recorded after infrared light from the device penetrated the stated thickness of skin along with temperature (temp) change at the surface of the skin closest to the infrared emitter also are provided. Data on the effects of pulsing at 10 Hz are provided where relevant Numbers in bold are percentage change in photonic energy with penetration of interposed tissue versus an equal distance of air. Significance is indicated with superscripted letters – significance level at P<0.0001 as determined by one-tailed t-test with corrections for multiple comparisons.

^aCustom versus other;

^bln Light versus other;

^cK-Laser versus other;

^dLiteCure versus other;

^eDiowave 810 nm versus other;

^fDiowave 980 nm versus other (P<0.01).

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; LED, light-emitting diode.