Table 1.
Demographic and smoking history comparisons between social smokers (SS+) and others (SS−)
| SS− % / M (SD) |
SS+ % / M (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.82 (12.03) | 32.06 (13.04) |
| Gender (% female) | 50.31% | 53.13% |
| Race (unweighted) | ||
| European-American | 64.77% | 86.96% |
| Education | ||
| HS graduate or less | 17.34% | 4.43% |
| Some college or college graduate | 62.26% | 60.10% |
| Graduate work or degree | 20.40% | 35.47% |
| Income ($1,000s) | 29.30 (24.42) | 37.30 (27.47) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 61.54% | 71.04% |
| Currently married or cohabiting | 23.86% | 21.86% |
| Divorced or widowed | 14.60% | 7.10% |
| Caffeine (drinks per week) | 3.61 (2.74) | 3.13 (1.77) |
| Alcohol (drinks per week) *** | 8.73 (8.66) | 14.40 (11.32) |
| Previously a daily smoker * | 67.72% | 46.31% |
| % days smoke (TLFB) **** | 66.43% | 48.27% |
| Cigarettes per day, on smoking days (TLFB) | 4.47 (2.95) | 3.78 (2.91) |
| Max. duration of abstinence (days) * | 4.81 (4.15) | 6.71 (3.41) |
| Smoke ‘light’ cigarettes *** | 38.11% | 75.83% |
| Self-reported addiction (1–5) | 3.12 (1.25) | 2.27 (1.35) |
| Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence **** | 1.45 (1.66) | 0.16 (0.40) |
| Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale * | 29.79 (6.51) | 26.69 (4.23) |
| Hooked on Nicotine Checklist * | 4.80 (2.68) | 3.57 (2.84) |
| WISDM-Primary Dependence Motives ** | 2.33 (1.12) | 1.74 (0.71) |
| WISDM-Secondary Dependence Motives | 2.76 (0.92) | 2.67 (0.86) |
| Time to first cigarette (minutes)**** | 219.27 (254.83) | 502.52 (302.42) |
| Smoke within 30 minutes of waking *** | 27.42% | 0.00% |
| Confidence in quitting (0–10) * | 3.52 (0.86) | 3.88 (0.77) |
| Smoker Identity Questionnaire (1–10) | 2.12 (1.70) | 2.16 (1.55) |
| Present self as smoker (1–10) | 5.52 (2.97) | 4.45 (2.86) |
| Home smoking bans * | 73.42% | 96.42% |
| Workplace smoking restrictions | 83.33% | 78.57% |
| Perceived cancer risk (1–5) | 2.64 (0.86) | 2.55 (0.72) |
| Cotinine (ng/mL) * | 540.00 (665.91) | 170.36 (170.17) |
| CO (ppm) ** | 7.34 (7.12) | 3.54 (2.83) |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.005,
***
p<0.001