Table 2.
Associations of smoking with situational characteristics, for social smokers (SS+) and other (SS−) intermittent smokers
| SS− (N=180) |
SS+ (N=24) | Difference/Interaction | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NS% | Cig% | OR (95%CI) |
p | NS% | Cig% | OR (95% CI) |
p | OR (95%CI) |
p | |
| Presence of others | ||||||||||
| With friends | 18.61 | 30.58 | 1.40 (1.15,1.70) |
0.0008 | 17.42 | 63.32 | 6.73 (4.34,10.44) |
<.0001 | 4.85 (2.98,7.90) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 1.84 (1.50,2.25) |
<.0001 | 4.14 (2.27,7.56) |
<.0001 | 2.23 (1.17,4.25) |
0.0145 | ||||
| With acquaintances | 7.18 | 12.19 | 1.54 (1.19,1.98) |
0.0009 | 3.21 | 14.01 | 5.64 (3.18,10.01) |
<.0001 | 3.91 (2.11,7.27) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 1.85 (1.45,2.37) |
<.0001 | 3.26 (1.75,6.06) |
0.0002 | 1.80 (0.93,3.49) |
0.0836 | ||||
| With family | 17.74 | 12.98 | 0.87 (0.68,1.11) |
0.2672 | 7.74 | 8.38 | 0.98 (0.50,1.92) |
0.9427 | 1.13 (0.56,2.30) |
0.7255 |
| When with others | 1.03 (0.81,1.30) |
0.8347 | 0.45 (0.24,0.83) |
0.0113 | 0.44 (0.22,0.86) |
0.0165 | ||||
| With coworkers | 13.18 | 7.93 | 0.45 (0.35,0.58) |
<.0001 | 9.67 | 6.46 | 0.51 (0.30,0.87) |
0.0128 | 1.13 (0.59,2.13) |
0.7172 |
| When with others | 0.49 (0.38,0.64) |
<.0001 | 0.23 (0.13,0.40) |
<.0001 | 0.46 (0.24,0.88) |
0.0180 | ||||
| With spouse | 18.49 | 17.82 | 0.83 (0.62,1.12) |
0.2276 | 7.50 | 9.94 | 0.85 (0.36,1.99) |
0.7106 | 1.02 (0.40,2.55) |
0.9736 |
| When with others | 0.96 (0.71,1.29) |
0.7714 | 0.38 (0.15,0.95) |
0.0386 | 0.39 (0.15,1.05) |
0.0614 | ||||
| Others smoking | ||||||||||
| Others’ smoking | ||||||||||
| No others smoking | 89.22 | 61.59 | 0.22 (0.18,0.28) |
<.0001 | 93.30 | 31.36 | 0.04 (0.03,0.07) |
<.0001 | 0.19 (0.11,0.32) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 0.14 (0.11,0.18) |
<.0001 | 0.05 (0.03,0.08) |
<.0001 | 0.33 (0.18,0.61) |
0.0004 | ||||
| Others smoking in group | 7.28 | 27.84 | 4.50 (3.53,5.74) |
<.0001 | 4.33 | 56.35 | 25.12 (14.33,44.03) |
<.0001 | 5.54 (3.01,10.20) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 6.59 (5.15,8.43) |
<.0001 | 18.35 (10.04,33.55) |
<.0001 | 2.76 (1.45,5.26) |
0.0020 | ||||
| Others smoking in view | 5.02 | 18.85 | 4.13 (3.32,5.15) |
<.0001 | 3.22 | 26.49 | 10.02 (5.97,16.80) |
<.0001 | 2.53 (1.43,4.49) |
0.0015 |
| When with others | 4.94 (3.88,6.29) |
<.0001 | 7.35 (4.25,12.71) |
<.0001 | 1.50 (0.82,2.74) |
0.1859 | ||||
| Combinations of others smoking (ref=no others smoking) | ||||||||||
| Both in group and in view | 1.52 | 8.28 | 8.37 (5.90,11.88) |
<.0001 | 0.85 | 14.20 | 53.16 (23.39,120.79) |
<.0001 | 6.19 (2.56,14.97) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 13.46 (9.27,19.55) |
<.0001 | 43.83 (19.38,99.09) |
<.0001 | 3.17 (1.32,7.64) |
0.0100 | ||||
| In group only | 5.76 | 19.56 | 4.05 (3.04,5.40) |
<.0001 | 3.48 | 42.15 | 25.95 (13.88,48.52) |
<.0001 | 6.38 (3.22,12.64) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 6.43 (4.81,8.59) |
<.0001 | 21.09 (10.52,42.25) |
<.0001 | 3.29 (1.57,6.91) |
0.0016 | ||||
| In view only | 3.50 | 10.58 | 3.53 (2.80,4.45) |
<.0001 | 2.37 | 12.29 | 9.84 (5.53,17.51) |
<.0001 | 2.74 (1.48,5.09) |
0.0014 |
| When with others | 4.70 (3.57,6.17) |
<.0001 | 9.73 (4.67,20.27) |
<.0001 | 2.06 (0.94,4.50) |
0.0703 | ||||
| Location | ||||||||||
| Home | 52.89 | 44.21 | 0.94 (0.79,1.13) |
0.5237 | 53.69 | 23.59 | 0.35 (0.21,0.58) |
<.0001 | 0.36 (0.21,0.62) |
0.0002 |
| Workplace | 16.35 | 10.34 | 0.46 (0.37,0.59) |
<.0001 | 19.43 | 5.53 | 0.29 (0.12,0.70) |
0.0054 | 0.68 (0.26,1.79) |
0.4390 |
| Other’s home | 9.54 | 9.95 | 0.97 (0.78,1.19) |
0.7531 | 5.36 | 18.68 | 2.92 (1.96,4.34) |
<.0001 | 3.04 (1.95,4.75) |
<.0001 |
| Bar | 1.39 | 10.17 | 6.00 (4.13,8.72) |
<.0001 | 3.54 | 30.83 | 12.02 (7.10,20.35) |
<.0001 | 2.04 (1.06,3.91) |
0.0323 |
| Restaurant | 1.88 | 1.80 | 0.77 (0.59,1.01) |
0.0625 | 1.83 | 1.36 | 1.28 (0.70,2.32) |
0.4197 | 1.64 (0.84,3.21) |
0.1502 |
| Outside | 8.98 | 16.98 | 1.98 (1.67,2.34) |
<.0001 | 6.83 | 12.65 | 1.68 (1.02,2.76) |
0.0402 | 0.84 (0.50,1.42) |
0.5238 |
| Vehicle | 4.67 | 3.73 | 0.72 (0.52,1.00) |
0.0473 | 4.70 | 1.95 | 0.44 (0.20,0.94) |
0.0335 | 0.58 (0.25,1.35) |
0.2054 |
| Other | 4.30 | 2.82 | 0.52 (0.41,0.67) |
<.0001 | 4.63 | 5.43 | 1.02 (0.48,2.16) |
0.9685 | 1.88 (0.80,4.41) |
0.1483 |
| Activity | ||||||||||
| Work | 27.63 | 16.29 | 0.51 (0.43,0.59) |
<.0001 | 32.95 | 10.44 | 0.29 (0.18,0.47) |
<.0001 | 0.56 (0.31,1.00) |
0.0501 |
| Controlling smoking restrictions | 0.58 (0.50,0.68) |
<.0001 | 0.34 (0.21,0.56) |
<.0001 | 0.56 (0.32,0.98) |
0.0437 | ||||
| Leisure | 36.33 | 35.53 | 1.01 (0.90,1.13) |
0.9095 | 36.22 | 26.07 | 0.79 (0.54,1.15) |
0.2145 | 0.77 (0.51,1.17) |
0.2257 |
| Interacting w/ others | 17.40 | 23.31 | 1.31 (1.09,1.59) |
0.0049 | 9.54 | 35.37 | 4.17 (3.11,5.59) |
<.0001 | 3.32 (2.33,4.71) |
<.0001 |
| Socializing | 12.49 | 19.47 | 1.47 (1.19,1.81) |
0.0003 | 7.62 | 33.31 | 4.95 (3.53,6.94) |
<.0001 | 3.51 (2.36,5.22) |
<.0001 |
| When with others | 1.84 (1.52,2.23) |
<.0001 | 2.78 (1.91,4.06) |
<.0001 | 1.53 (1.00,2.35) |
0.0519 | ||||
| Between activities | 16.13 | 21.11 | 1.33 (1.16,1.52) |
<.0001 | 14.09 | 9.86 | 0.76 (0.53,1.09) |
0.1304 | 0.54 (0.36,0.82) |
0.0041 |
| Other activities | 11.96 | 10.33 | 0.86 (0.71,1.03) |
0.1040 | 6.77 | 4.21 | 0.70 (0.38,1.30) |
0.2596 | 0.86 (0.44,1.69) |
0.6682 |
| Drinking alcohol | 3.61 | 16.17 | 3.50 (2.57,4.77) |
<.0001 | 6.10 | 43.00 | 13.14 (8.64,19.99) |
<.0001 | 3.61 (2.14,6.09) |
<.0001 |
| Controlling for bar, others smoking, restrictions, and leisure |
1.71 (1.28,2.27) |
0.0002 | 3.19 (1.47,6.92) |
0.0034 | 2.75 (1.47,5.15) |
0.0016 | ||||
| Smoking restrictions (ref=allowed) | ||||||||||
| Discouraged | 17.97 | 11.92 | 0.47 (0.34,0.64) |
<.0001 | 16.82 | 9.07 | 0.29 (0.14,0.59) |
0.0006 | 0.62 (0.29,1.34) |
0.2280 |
| Forbidden* | 21.73 | 10.51 | 0.30 (0.23,0.38) |
<.0001 | 20.51 | 6.85 | 0.20 (0.11,0.34) |
<.0001 | 0.62 (0.32,1.18) |
0.1420 |
| Reason forbidden (ref=not forbidden) | ||||||||||
| By law | 12.06 | 6.82 | 0.32 (0.25,0.42) |
<.0001 | 11.23 | 4.38 | 0.24 (0.13,0.48) |
<.0001 | 0.74 (0.36,1.54) |
0.4236 |
| By other’s rule | 15.90 | 7.87 | 0.34 (0.25,0.46) |
<.0001 | 11.75 | 6.53 | 0.33 (0.17,0.65) |
0.0012 | 0.95 (0.43,2.08) |
0.8923 |
| By own rule | 11.74 | 7.74 | 0.48 (0.32,0.71) |
0.0003 | 14.35 | 5.01 | 0.14 (0.04,0.54) |
0.0039 | 0.31 (0.08,1.11) |
0.0722 |
| When at home | 0.68 (0.42,1.10) |
0.1165 | 0.33 (0.09,1.21) |
0.0946 | 0.49 (0.12,1.93) |
0.3085 | ||||
*
SS+ and SS− did not differ in the percentage of time they were in smoking-restricted environments, either when smoking, or when not smoking.