Table 22.
Skin-Color Difference Between U.S. Citizen Sponsors and Their Immigrant Spouses: NIS-2003 Cohort
| Regressor | Sample of Married Couples Formed by U.S. Citizen and Sponsored Spouse | Subsample in Which Both Spouses Had the Same Interviewer | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Sponsors | Female Sponsors | Male Sponsors | Female Sponsors | |
| Sponsor's age, sex, nativity, and race-ethnic group | ||||
| Age | −0.0284 | 0.281 | −0.0359 | 0.242 |
| Age squared | 0.000365 | −0.00369 | 0.000438 | −0.00322 |
| Joint test F | .25 (2, 296 df) | 8.39*** (2, 180 df) | .29 (2, 281 df) | 5.89** (2, 173 df) |
| Native-born female | NA | 0.800 (2.97)** | NA | 0.773 (2.90)** |
| Foreign-born female | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Native-born male | 0.504 (2.25)* | NA | 0.447 (1.98)* | NA |
| Joint test F | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hispanic, no race | −0.0473 | −0.962 | −0.0353 | −0.891 |
| Hispanic white | −0.0288 | −0.531 | 0.129 | −0.282 |
| NonHispanic Asian | −0.280 | −0.262 | −0.269 | −0.387 |
| NonHispanic black | −0.793 | −1.169 | −0.626 | −0.927 |
| NonHispanic white | 1.170 | 1.152 | 1.183 | 1.257 |
| Joint test F | 4.29*** (5, 296 df) | 5.09*** (5, 180 df) | 3.94** (5, 281 df) | 5.14*** (5, 173 df) |
| Immigrant's birth area | ||||
| Africa | 1.153 | 3.206 | 1.428 | 3.033 |
| China | 1.619 | 1.430 | 1.604 | 1.699 |
| India | 1.838 | 2.268 | 1.819 | 2.419 |
| Philippines | 0.797 | 4.624 | 0.745 | 3.513 |
| Vietnam | 1.369 | 1.968 | 1.475 | 2.211 |
| Other Asia | 1.100 | 1.713 | 1.092 | 1.882 |
| Oceania | 2.359 | 1.984 | 2.384 | 2.097 |
| Dominican Republic | 3.797 | 2.108 | 3.685 | 2.012 |
| El Salvador | 0.662 | 2.237 | 0.350 | 2.177 |
| Guatemala | 1.557 | 1.540 | 1.405 | 1.524 |
| Haiti | 2.215 | 2.572 | 2.050 | 2.441 |
| Mexico | 1.002 | 2.533 | 0.840 | 2.499 |
| Other North/Central Am. | 0.733 | 2.256 | 0.705 | 2.151 |
| Colombia | 1.204 | 3.059 | 1.089 | 2.836 |
| Other South America | 1.679 | 1.532 | 1.393 | 1.686 |
| Joint test F | 3.18*** (15, 296 df) | 4.54*** (15, 180 df) | 2.91*** (15, 281 df) | 4.35*** (15, 173 df) |
| Constant | −0.987 (0.82) | −6.479 (3.54)*** | −0.808 (0.68) | −5.818 (3.18)** |
| R-squared | 0.248 | 0.318 | 0.252 | 0.310 |
| Observations | 320 | 204 | 305 | 197 |
Notes: Skin color is measured by the interviewer on an 11-point scale. NA = not applicable. Robust standard errors; absolute values of asymptotic t-ratio appear in parentheses under parameter estimates for numeric and binary variables. Joint tests reported for multiple-category categorical variables.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001;
two-tailed tests for single coefficients, one-tailed for joint tests