Table 2.
Breed | Seizure type | History of cluster seizures or status epilepticus | Remission rate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australian Shepherd | 36 % generalised epileptic seizures | 20 % cluster seizures | 12 % | Weissl et al. 2012 [9] |
26 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | 12 % status epilepticus | |||
38 % both seizure types | 48 % history of both | |||
52 % showed also focal epileptic seizures (in addition to their generalised epileptic seizures or focal | ||||
epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures) | ||||
Belgian Shepherd | 18 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Berendt et al. 2008 [23] |
25 % focal | ||||
53 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
4 % unclassified | ||||
6 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Berendt et al. 2009 [41] | |
83 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
11 % unclassified | ||||
n.s. | 33 % cluster seizures | 13.7 % | Gulløv et al. 2012 [37] | |
18 % generalised epileptic seizures | 33 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Seppala et al. 2012 [34] | |
7 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
37 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised epileptic seizures | ||||
34 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset | ||||
4 % unclassified | ||||
Bernese Mountain dog | 98 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Kathmann et al. 1999 [45] |
2 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Border Collie | 8 % generalised epileptic seizures | 45 % cluster seizures | 18 % | Hülsmeyer et al. 2010 [8] |
78 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | 4 % status epilepticus | |||
14 % unclassified | 49 % history of both | |||
45 % showed also focal epileptic seizures (in addition to their generalised epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures) | ||||
Border Terrier | 68 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Kloene et al. 2008 [56] |
32 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Cavalier King Charles | 39 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Driver et al. 2013 [59] |
36 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
25 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
Collie (rough and smooth) | Predominantly generalised | 35 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Munana et al. 2012 [64] |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Dalmatian | 20 % generalised epileptic seizures | 63.6 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Licht et al. 2002 [65] |
80 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
English Springer Spaniel | 47 % generalised epileptic seizures | 38 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Patterson et al. 2005 [74] |
33 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
20 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
Finnish Spitz | 1 % generalised epileptic seizures | 16.2 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Viitmaa et al. 2013 [82] |
54 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
31 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
7 % generalised with unknown onset | ||||
7 % completely unclassified | ||||
Golden Retriever | 83 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Lengweiler&Jaggy 1999 [86] |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
92 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Srenk et al. 1994 [84] | |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Hungarian (Magyar) Vizsla | 21 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Patterson et al. 2003 [87] |
62 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
17 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
Irish Wolfhound | Predominantly generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Casal et al. 2006 [24] |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Italian Spinone | 23 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | DeRisio et al. 2015 [93] | |
51 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
26 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset | ||||
Labrador Retriever | 24 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Berendt et al. 2002 [26] |
70 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
91 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Heynold et al. 1997 [94] | |
9 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
96 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Jaggy et al. 1998 [95] | |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Lagotto Romagnolo | Mainly focal epileptic seizures | n.s. | by 8–13 weeks of age | Jokinen et al. 2007 [105] |
Petit Baset Griffon Vendeen | 5 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Gulløv et al. 2011 [25] |
41 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
52 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
2 % unclassified | ||||
Shetland Sheepdog | Predominantly generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Morita et al. 2002 [109] |
Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed. | ||||
Standard Poodle | 3.5 % generalised epileptic seizures | n.s. | n.s. | Licht et al. 2007 [113] |
33 % focal epileptic seizures | ||||
60 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | ||||
3.5 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset | ||||
Predominantly focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures | 34 % cluster seizures | n.s. | Licht et al. 2002 [65] |
n.s. not specified