Table 3.
Association between level of asthma controla and selected characteristics: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Asthma Call-back Survey, 2006–2010.
| Characteristics (reference levels) | Children with current asthma | Adults with current asthma | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Not well-controlled asthma | Very-poorly-controlled asthma | Not well-controlled asthma | Very-poorly-controlled asthma | |
| aPRb (95% CIb) | aPRb (95% CIb) | aPRb (95% CIb) | aPRb (95% CIb) | |
| Sex (male) | ||||
| Female | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) |
| Age, year range (ref: 12–17) | ||||
| 0–4 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | N/A | N/A |
| 5–11 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | N/A | N/A |
| Age, year range (ref: 18–34) | ||||
| 35–44 | N/A | N/A | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) |
| 45–54 | N/A | N/A | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) |
| 55–64 | N/A | N/A | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
| 65+ | N/A | N/A | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
| Race/Ethnicityc (ref: White) | ||||
| Black | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| Hispanic | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
| Other race | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) |
| Education level (ref: College 4 years or more) | ||||
| High School graduate or less | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) |
| Some college | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| Household Income (ref: ≥$75 000) | ||||
| <$15 000 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 1.5 (1.4–1.8) |
| $15 000–$24 999 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
| $25 000–$49 999 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) |
| $50 000–$74 999 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Health care coverage in past 12 months (ref: Full year coverage) | ||||
| No insurance | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| Partial year coverage | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
| Cost as barrierd (ref: No) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) |
| Long-term control medications (ref: No) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
| Anyone Smoked inside child's homee (ref: No) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | N/A | N/A |
| Smoking & SHS (ref: Non-smoker &No SHS) | ||||
| Current smoker &SHS | N/A | N/A | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) |
| Current smoker & No SHS | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
| Former smoker & SHS | N/A | N/A | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) |
| Former smoker & No SHS | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| Non-smoker & SHS | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Pets allowed in bedroom (ref: Does not have pets) | ||||
| Pets allowed | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) |
| Pets not allowed | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Saw cockroach inside home past 30 d (ref: No) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Saw or smelled mold past 30d (ref: No) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Obese (ref: Non-obese) | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| COPDf (ref: No) | N/A | N/A | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) |
| Depression (ref: No) | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
CI, confidence interval; N/A: not applicable; SHS, secondhand smoke exposure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Defined as the most impaired level from the one or more individual elements (i.e. daytime and night time symptoms in past 30 d and rescue medication use in past 3 months).
Adjusted prevalence ratio (predicted marginal risk ratio) and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted for the variables listed in this table.
Race categories “white, non-Hispanic”, “black, non-Hispanic”, include persons who indicated only a single race group. “Other races, non-Hispanic” includes Asian, American Indian Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, persons reporting more than one race, and persons reporting their race as something other than those listed here.
Cost as a barrier to primary care doctor, specialist, and medicine.
Indicates secondhand smoke exposure (SHS).
Combined responses to questions for COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.