Table 4.
The association between components of asthma self-management education and the characteristics of adults (aged ≥18 years) with active asthma in participating states—2006–2007 Adult Asthma Call-back Survey (ACBS).
| Components of asthma self-management education as dependent variables | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Taught to recognize signs of an episode | Taught to respond to an asthma episode | Taught how to use a peak flow meter (PFM) | Given an action plan | Taken asthma management course | Taught how to use an inhaler | Given advice on environment control | |
|
| |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
| Characteristics | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) | ARRa (95% CIs) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Female | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Age group (years) | |||||||
| 18–34 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 35–44 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| 45–54 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| 55–64 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
| 65+ | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
| Hispanic | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) |
| Other | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Education | —b | —b | —b | ||||
| Not high school (HS) graduate | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | |||
| HS graduate/attended college/technical school | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | |||
| College graduate or more | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Asthma control levels | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b | |
| Well controlled | Referent | ||||||
| Not well controlled | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | ||||||
| Very poorly controlled | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | ||||||
| Asthma episode in the past 12 months (Y/N) | —b | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| Current smoker (Y/N) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | —b | —b | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | —b |
| COPDc (Y/N) | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| Depression (Y/N) | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Healthcare access and use | |||||||
| Health insurance (Y/N) | —b | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | —b | —b | —b | —b | —b |
| Routine care visit (Y/N) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) |
| ED visit (Y/N) | —b | —b | —b | —b | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | —b | —b |
| Hospitalization (Y/N) | —b | —b | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | —b | —b | —b |
Notes: “No” category is the reference group for all “Y/N” variables. ED, emergency department; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Adjusted risk ratio (ARR) in a logistic regression model with a binary (0/1) dependent variable.
b
Not included in models because of nonsignificant association with the dependent variable.
c
Reported having COPD (emphysema or chronic bronchitis).