Table 4.

Path Coefficients for Direct, Specific Indirect^† and Total Effects to W3 Alcohol Use Frequency in the Path Model

	Direct Effect		Indirect Effect via Depressive Sx.		Indirect Effect via PTSD Sx.		Total Effect
	b (SE)	β	b (SE)	β	b (SE)	β	b (SE)	β
Predictors (W1)
Gender (Women)	−0.375 (0.064)***	−0.187	0.022 (0.01)**	0.011	−0.025 (0.014)*	−0.013	−0.378 (0.063)***	−0.189
Ethnicity (Palestinian)	−1.012 (0.159)***	−0.369	0.060 (0.024)**	0.022	−0.037 (0.019)*	−0.013	−0.989 (0.156)***	−0.361
Education	−0.029 (0.039)	−0.029	−0.020 (0.008)**	−0.020	0.017 (0.009)*	0.017	−0.031 (0.039)	−0.032
Age	−0.037 (0.024)	−0.053	−0.001 (0.003)	−0.002	−0.005 (0.003)	−0.007	−0.042 (0.024)	−0.061
Religiosity (Religious/ultra- religious)	0.015 (.113)	0.006	−0.020 (0.012)*	−0.008	0.008 (0.008)	0.003	0.003 (0.113)	0.001
Immigrant FSU	0.544 (0.170)**	0.206	---		---		0.544 (0.170)**	0.206
Past Stressful Events	0.041 (0.07)	0.019	0.025 (0.012)**	0.011	−0.019 (0.011)*	−0.009	0.047 (0.070)	0.021
Terrorism Exposure	−0.073 (0.047)	−0.052	0.011 (0.006)*	0.008	−0.016 (0.009)*	−0.011	−0.078 (0.046)	−0.055
Mediators (W2)
W2 Depressive Sx.	0.287 (0.095)**	0.120	---		---		0.287 (0.095)**	0.120
W2 PTSD Sx.	−0.054 (0.025)*	−0.084	---		---		−0.054 (0.025)*	−0.084

Notes. FSU = former Soviet Union; Sx. = symptoms; b = unstandardized coefficients; SE = standard errors; β = standardized coefficients;

^†Specific indirect effects estimated using the bias-corrected bootstrap method and significance based on 95% and 99% confidence intervals;

^*p<.05;

^**p<.01;;

^***p<.001; and --- nonestimated path.