Table 1.
Details of participation, gender ratio, age distribution, ethnicity breakdown, altitude range, bednet usage, malaria prevalence and study design for each site that provided data to the study
| Study location | Number of participantsa | Gender (%) | Age (%) | Ethnicityb (%) | Altitude range (m) | Bednet usage (%) | Malaria prevalence (%) | Timings of clinical data collection | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | <1 | 1–2 | 2–5 | 5–15 | 15–30 | >30 | NA | Slide-positive | NA | |||||||
| Senegal | 497 | 45.7 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 10.7 | 37.6 | 21.5 | 24.9 | – | Wolof: Serer: Peulh: Serer Niominka: Mandigue: Other: |
35.6 33.4 10.7 10.1 6.0 4.2 |
15–51 | – | 14.7 | 85.3c | LS with ACD; TS; 2006/2007 |
| Mali (Pongonon) |
312 | 53.5 | – | 3.2 | 36.2 | 54.5 | 2.2 | 3.8 | – | Dogon: Other: |
95.2 4.8 |
49–352 | – | 100 | – | CS & CES; TS; 2006/2007 |
| Mali (Manteourou) |
643 | 43.4 | – | – | 10.6 | 37.6 | 21.5 | 24.9 | – | Dogon: Peulh: |
51.2 48.8 |
267–280 | – | 24.6 | – | CS; TS; 2006/2007 |
| Burkina Faso | 1,897 | 43.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 13.2 | 34.9 | 23.8 | 22.3 | – | Peulh: Mossi: Rimaibe: Other: |
38.9 32.4 27.4 1.3 |
304–305 | 16.5 | 44.3 | 2.5 | CS; TS & IDS; 2007/2008 |
| Sudan | 84 | 36.6 | – | – | – | 44.0 | 34.5 | 20.2 | 1.2 | Hausa: Masalit: |
51.2 48.8 |
183–381 | – | – | 100c | LS & CS; TS & IDS; 2007/2008 |
| Kenya | 1,809 | 52.0 | – | – | – | 100 | – | – | – | Giriama: Chonyi: Kauma: Mjikenda: Other: |
78.3 13.1 5.4 1.3 1.9 |
0 | 90.8 | 16.6 | – | BCS |
| Tanzania (Moshi) |
6,084 | 40.7 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 16.8 | 33.9 | 21.2 | 16.7 | 0.4 | Pare: Wasambaa: Chagga: Wabondei: Other: |
40.9 36.1 14.3 7.9 0.8 |
196–1,845 | – | 15.6 | 0.5 | CS; TS; 2006/2007 |
| Tanzania (Tanga SP1) |
623 | 43.2 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 25.7 | 63.8 | 7.5 | – | – | Wasambaa: Mzigua: Muha: Other: |
65.8 10.8 3.4 20.0 |
223–700 | 54.6 | 22.6 | – | CS; TS; 2001/2002 |
| Tanzania (Tanga SP2) |
552 | 47.5 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 9.2 | 51.6 | 23.7 | 10.0 | – | Wasambaa: Mdigo: Mmakonde: Mzigua: Mseguju: Wabondei: Pare: Other: |
35.0 30.2 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.2 4.2 11.2 |
0–1,009 | 28.6 | 37.7 | – | CS; TS; 2004 |
| Sri Lanka | 798 | 49.5 | – | – | – | 0.5 | 37.1 | 62.2 | 0.3 | 99.4 Other: 0.6 |
99.4 0.6 |
55–397 | 95.7 | 0 | – | LS with ACD; 1992/1993; samples collected 2006/2007 |
NB: ACD active case detection, BCS birth cohort study, CES chloroquine efficacy study, CS cross-sectional study, IDS intermittent dry season, LS longitudinal study, TS transmission season.
aNumber of participants for whom clinical data, genetic data and antibody data could be matched.
bEthnic groups with fewer than 20 individuals are recoded as “other”.
cThese studies obtained data on microscopic-detectable infection in few (n = 81; Senegal) or none (Sudan) of their participants at the time of sampling.