Table 1. The characteristics of hypertensive subjects who were and were not aware of their hypertension status.
| Awareness of hypertension | Total (n = 3802) | Not aware (n = 1016) | Aware (n = 2786) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (SE) | % | (SE) | % | (SE) | p | ||
| Sex | Males | 46.5 | (0.8) | 54.9 | (1.5) | 43.4 | (0.9) | |
| Females | 53.5 | (0.8) | 45.1 | (1.5) | 56.6 | (0.9) | ||
| Age (year) | 40–49 | 13.2 | (0.7) | 27.3 | (1.6) | 8.0 | (0.6) | |
| 50–59 | 25.0 | (0.8) | 29.8 | (1.5) | 23.2 | (0.9) | ||
| 60–69 | 33.5 | (0.8) | 27.4 | (1.5) | 35.7 | (1.0) | ||
| 70–79 | 28.3 | (0.8) | 15.5 | (1.1) | 33.1 | (1.0) | ||
| Residence | Urban | 73.1 | (2.0) | 74.9 | (2.3) | 72.4 | (2.1) | 0.6026 |
| Rural | 26.9 | (2.0) | 25.1 | (2.3) | 27.6 | (2.1) | ||
| Income | Low | 24.6 | (0.9) | 26.9 | (1.5) | 23.8 | (0.9) | 0.0547 |
| Middle | 51.8 | (1.0) | 49.9 | (1.6) | 52.5 | (1.1) | ||
| High | 23.6 | (0.9) | 23.2 | (1.5) | 23.8 | (1) | ||
| House | No house | 20.1 | (0.8) | 21.7 | (1.4) | 19.6 | (0.9) | 0.5054 |
| ≥1 house | 79.9 | (0.8) | 78.3 | (1.4) | 80.4 | (0.9) | ||
| Education | ≤ High school | 86.5 | (0.7) | 81.7 | (1.4) | 88.2 | (0.7) | 0.1186 |
| ≥ College | 13.5 | (0.7) | 18.3 | (1.4) | 11.8 | (0.7) | ||
| DM (doctor-diagnosed) | No | 83.1 | (0.6) | 95.5 | (0.7) | 78.5 | (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 16.9 | (0.6) | 4.5 | (0.7) | 21.5 | (0.8) | ||
| Family history of hypertension* | No | 63.1 | (0.9) | 70.6 | (1.4) | 60.4 | (1.1) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 36.9 | (0.9) | 29.4 | (1.4) | 39.6 | (1.1) | ||
| Family history of stroke or IHD* | No | 80.3 | (0.7) | 81.1 | (1.3) | 80.1 | (0.8) | 0.0190 |
| Yes | 19.7 | (0.7) | 18.9 | (1.3) | 19.9 | (0.8) | ||
| Time elapsed since diagnosis of hypertension (year) | Not diagnosed | 26.8 | (0.8) | 100.0 | (0.0) | . | ||
| <5 | 29.9 | (0.8) | . | 40.9 | (1.0) | |||
| 5–10 | 21.2 | (0.7) | . | 28.9 | (1.0) | |||
| ≥10 | 22.1 | (0.8) | . | 30.2 | (1.0) | |||
| Antihypertensive medication use | Not diagnosed | 26.8 | (0.8) | 100.0 | (0.0) | . | ||
| No | 3.4 | (0.3) | . | 4.6 | (0.4) | |||
| Yes | 69.8 | (0.9) | . | 95.4 | (0.4) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SE) (mmHg) | (crude) | 135.4 | (0.3) | 144.4 | (0.5) | 132.1 | (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| (adjusted***) | 134.8 | (0.3) | 144.9 | (0.4) | 131.0 | (0.4) | <0.0001 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure mean (SE) (mmHg) | (crude) | 81.4 | (0.2) | 89.8 | (0.3) | 78.4 | (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| (adjusted***) | 82.8 | (0.2) | 88.9 | (0.3) | 80.6 | (0.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Number of lifestyle recommendations** | 0 | 1.6 | (0.2) | 2.1 | (0.5) | 1.4 | (0.2) | 0.3016 |
| 1 | 6.4 | (0.4) | 7.7 | (1.0) | 5.9 | (0.5) | ||
| 2 | 25.2 | (0.7) | 27.9 | (1.5) | 24.2 | (0.9) | ||
| 3 | 37.1 | (0.8) | 35.3 | (1.5) | 37.7 | (1.0) | ||
| 4 | 24.2 | (0.6) | 22.9 | (1.3) | 24.6 | (0.8) | ||
| 5 | 5.6 | (0.4) | 4.1 | (0.6) | 6.1 | (0.4) | ||
| 6 | 0.0 | (0.0) | 0.0 | (0.0) | 0.1 | (0.0) | ||
p-values adjusted for sex and age.
*father, mother, and siblings;
**recommendations were sodium intake reduction, adoption of a DASH-type diet, maintenance of normal weight, engagement in physical activity, moderation in alcohol intake, and not smoking. DM, diabetes mellitus; IHD, ischemic heart disease;
***sex- and age-adjusted mean.