Table 3. Characteristics associated with non-adherence among hypertensive subjects aware of their hypertensive status.
| Non-adherence to a greater number of recommendations | Not limiting Sodium intake | Not adopting a DASH-type diet | Not maintaining a normal body weight | Not engaging in physical activity | Not limiting alcohol intake | Smoking | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | %* | OR** | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | ||
| Sex | Females | 1676 | 23.9 | 1 | 70.6 | 1 | 93.3 | 1 | 53.7 | 1 | 57.2 | 1 | 4.4 | 1 | 3.2 | 1 | |||||||
| Males | 1110 | 41.3 | 1.98 | (1.70–2.32) | 88.1 | 2.85 | (2.32–3.50) | 88.0 | 0.57 | (0.43–0.75) | 49.7 | 0.82 | (0.70–0.96) | 50.0 | 0.76 | (0.64–0.89) | 26.4 | 8.02 | (6.13–10.51) | 27.7 | 13.25 | (9.87–17.79) | |
| Age (year) | 40–49 | 201 | 48.8 | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) | 89.2 | 0.96 | (0.95–0.97) | 86.0 | 1.05 | (1.04–1.07) | 64.9 | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) | 62.1 | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 22.7 | 0.97 | (0.95–0.98) | 24.8 | 0.96 | (0.94–0.97) |
| 50–59 | 623 | 35.6 | 83.4 | 86.7 | 53.4 | 54.1 | 17.5 | 18.6 | |||||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 990 | 30.8 | 80.0 | 90.7 | 53.1 | 50.4 | 13.9 | 12.4 | |||||||||||||||
| 70–79 | 972 | 25.1 | 69.9 | 95.5 | 46.6 | 56.1 | 9.3 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Residence | Urban | 2002 | 34.1 | 1 | 81.9 | 1 | 88.4 | 1 | 53.5 | 1 | 53.6 | 1 | 16.0 | 1 | 16.5 | ||||||||
| Rural | 784 | 41.5 | 1.30 | (1.11–1.54) | 81.8 | 1.04 | (0.84–1.29) | 92.1 | 1.54 | (1.05–2.26) | 55.8 | 1.12 | (0.93–1.35) | 58.7 | 1.17 | (0.96–1.44) | 20.5 | 1.49 | (1.11–2.00) | 20.4 | 1.34 | (1.02–1.76) | |
| Income | High | 653 | 32.3 | 1 | 84.0 | 1 | 86.3 | 1 | 52.9 | 1 | 48.9 | 1 | 19.1 | 1 | 13.5 | 1 | |||||||
| Middle | 1463 | 36.4 | 1.20 | (1.00–1.43) | 81.6 | 0.92 | (0.72–1.17) | 89.1 | 1.31 | (0.95–1.81) | 53.8 | 1.01 | (0.83–1.24) | 55.9 | 1.30 | (1.09–1.55) | 16.9 | 0.75 | (0.56–1.00) | 17.8 | 1.42 | (1.02–1.97) | |
| Low | 670 | 38.7 | 1.37 | (1.10–1.70) | 80.0 | 0.87 | (0.65–1.16) | 92.9 | 2.26 | (1.35–3.77) | 56.0 | 1.11 | (0.88–1.41) | 58.9 | 1.44 | (1.15–1.80) | 15.9 | 0.63 | (0.44–0.91) | 20.6 | 1.70 | (1.15–2.51) | |
| House | ≥ 1 house | 2231 | 35.2 | 1 | 82.4 | 1 | 88.7 | 1 | 53.6 | 1 | 54.7 | 1 | 16.8 | 1 | 16.6 | 1 | |||||||
| No house | 555 | 39.2 | 1.18 | (0.99–1.41) | 79.5 | 0.87 | (0.68–1.11) | 92.0 | 1.57 | (1.01–2.42) | 56.2 | 1.12 | (0.91–1.37) | 55.9 | 1.07 | (0.88–1.30) | 18.5 | 1.27 | (0.93–1.75) | 21.0 | 1.47 | (1.07–2.03) | |
| Education | ≥ college | 298 | 27.9 | 1 | 85.9 | 1 | 87.1 | 1 | 53.9 | 1 | 49.8 | 1 | 14.2 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | |||||||
| ≤ high school | 2488 | 37.6 | 1.17 | (0.92–1.49) | 81.0 | 0.70 | (0.47–1.06) | 89.8 | 0.91 | (0.61–1.35) | 54.1 | 0.92 | (0.72–1.19) | 56.0 | 1.06 | (0.81–1.40) | 17.8 | 1.28 | (0.89–1.85) | 19.4 | 1.91 | (1.33–2.75) | |
| DM (doctor-diagnosed) | No | 2202 | 35.4 | 1 | 81.8 | 1 | 89.7 | 1 | 52.8 | 1 | 55.1 | 1 | 17.2 | 1 | 16.8 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 584 | 38.4 | 1.17 | (0.97–1.39) | 81.9 | 1.02 | (0.81–1.29) | 87.7 | 0.75 | (0.54–1.04) | 59.5 | 1.22 | (1.02–1.47) | 54.4 | 0.98 | (0.81–1.18) | 17.1 | 1.04 | (0.78–1.38) | 20.3 | 1.45 | (1.07–1.97) | |
| Family history of hypertension | No | 1700 | 35.3 | 1 | 80.6 | 1 | 89.4 | 1 | 55.0 | 1 | 55.0 | 1 | 17.2 | 1 | 17.6 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 1086 | 36.8 | 1.03 | (0.87–1.21) | 83.3 | 1.13 | (0.92–1.39) | 89.3 | 1.14 | (0.83–1.57) | 53.1 | 0.87 | (0.73–1.05) | 54.9 | 1.03 | (0.86–1.22) | 17.1 | 1.08 | (0.83–1.40) | 17.3 | 1.11 | (0.83–1.49) | |
| Family history of stroke or IHD | No | 2238 | 36.1 | 1 | 81.4 | 1 | 89.8 | 1 | 53.7 | 1 | 54.6 | 1 | 17.7 | 1 | 17.8 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 548 | 35.6 | 0.99 | (0.82–1.19) | 83.6 | 1.08 | (0.85–1.38) | 87.5 | 0.82 | (0.58–1.16) | 55.7 | 1.09 | (0.89–1.33) | 56.1 | 1.06 | (0.86–1.31) | 15.3 | 0.78 | (0.59–1.02) | 16.3 | 0.92 | (0.66–1.28) | |
| Duration since diagnosis of HTN (years) | <5 | 1140 | 36.7 | 1 | 82.4 | 1 | 90.9 | 1 | 49.9 | 1 | 55.8 | 1 | 19.5 | 1 | 18.8 | 1 | |||||||
| 5–10 | 806 | 33.9 | 0.86 | (0.72–1.02) | 79.9 | 0.85 | (0.68–1.07) | 89.7 | 0.77 | (0.54–1.10) | 54.6 | 1.19 | (0.99–1.44) | 52.6 | 0.85 | (0.70–1.04) | 16.6 | 0.78 | (0.59–1.02) | 16.8 | 0.77 | (0.57–1.06) | |
| ≥10 | 840 | 37.1 | 0.97 | (0.81–1.15) | 83.0 | 1.00 | (0.78–1.27) | 86.4 | 0.55 | (0.40–0.77) | 60.4 | 1.52 | (1.24–1.85) | 56.0 | 1.01 | (0.82–1.23) | 14.1 | 0.61 | (0.44–0.86) | 16.1 | 0.79 | (0.57–1.09) | |
| Antihypertensive medication use | No | 130 | 27.2 | 1 | 77.5 | 1 | 84.0 | 1 | 38.7 | 1 | 53.2 | 1 | 18.3 | 1 | 18.2 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 2656 | 36.6 | 1.64 | (1.15–2.35) | 82.1 | 1.48 | (0.94–2.33) | 89.7 | 1.65 | (0.94–2.91) | 55.2 | 1.81 | (1.25–2.63) | 55.0 | 1.01 | (0.70–1.45) | 17.1 | 0.91 | (0.56–1.50) | 17.4 | 0.88 | (0.53–1.44) | |
All proportions (%) were sex- and age-adjusted.
*Proportion of non-adherence to ≥4 recommendations;
**Ordinal logistic regression for non-adherence to a greater number of recommendations.